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What Is an Information System?

What Is an Information System?. The Components of an Information System. Computer-Based Information Systems (continued). CBIS components Hardware: computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities Software: computer programs that govern the operation of the computer

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What Is an Information System?

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  1. What Is an Information System? The Components of an Information System

  2. Computer-Based Information Systems (continued) • CBIS components • Hardware: computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities • Software: computer programs that govern the operation of the computer • Database: organized collection of facts and information • Telecommunications: electronic transmission of signals for communications • Networks: connect computers and equipment in a building, around the country, and around the world

  3. Computer-Based Information Systems (continued) • CBIS components (continued) • Internet: world’s largest computer network • People: manage, run, program, and maintain the system • Procedures: strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS

  4. BusinessInformation Systems • Most common types of information systems used in business organizations • Electronic and mobile commerce systems • Transaction processing systems • Management information systems • Decision support systems • Specialized business information systems

  5. BusinessInformation Systems (continued) Business Information Systems

  6. Information and Decision Support Systems • An effective TPS provides a number of benefits to a company • A TPS can speed business activities and reduce clerical costs • Data stored in TPSs is used to help managers make better decisions

  7. Management Information Systems • Management information system (MIS) • Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices • Provides routine information to managers/decision makers • Primary focus is operational efficiency

  8. Management Information Systems (continued) Management Information System

  9. Decision Support Systems • Decision support system (DSS) • Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices • Supports problem-specific decision making • Focus is on decision-making effectiveness

  10. Decision Support Systems (continued) Essential DSS Elements

  11. Specialized Business Information Systems: Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality • Knowledge management systems (KMSs): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience • Artificial intelligence (AI): field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence

  12. Artificial Intelligence The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

  13. Expert Systems • Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field • Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and specialists • The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome

  14. Systems Development • Systems development: creating or modifying existing business systems • Systems development can be: • Performed in-house • Outsourced • To improve results of a systems development project, it is divided into several steps

  15. Systems Development (continued) An Overview of Systems Development

  16. Organizations and Information Systems • Organization: collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals • An organization is a system • Inputs: resources (materials, people, money) • Outputs: goods or services

  17. User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance • Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): specifies factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology • Technology diffusion: measure of widespread use of technology • Technology infusion: extent to which technology permeates a department

  18. User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance (continued) • Competitive advantage: significant, long-term benefit to a company over its competition • Ability to establish and maintain a competitive advantage is vital to the company’s success

  19. Risk • Managers must consider the risks of designing, developing, and implementing new or modified information systems • Information system may be a failure • Costs of development and implementation can be greater than the returns from the new system

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