Lesson II: Sicilia

1. Lesson II: Sicilia Adjectives Accusative Nouns

2. fama famae f. report, fame

3. familia familiae f. family

4. fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

5. puella puellae f. girl

6. terra terrae f. earth, land

7. vita vitae f. life

8. bonus, bona, bonum good

9. durus, dura, durum hard

10. great, large, big magnus, magna, magnum

11. parvus, parva, parvum small, little

12. amant they love, like

13. portant they carry

14. An adjective is a word used to describe a noun. We say that an adjective modifies its noun. In English, an adjective does not change. We say “the good dog” or “the good dogs” but not “the goods dogs.” But in Latin, an adjective changes its ending to agree with the noun it modifies in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE. Think GNC! Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter Number: singular, plural Case: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative.

15. In Latin, adjectives usually follow their nouns, but because an adjective must agree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE, its position is less important than in English. magnasilva a large forest magnaesilvae large forests aquambonam good water Remember, the noun is the boss! Whatever gender, number, and case the noun is, the adjective must be also.

16. An adjective may be used directly with a noun, as in the previous examples, or it may be used in the predicate, like this: Magna familaest bona. A large family is good. Magnaesilvaesuntbonae. Large forests are good. The vocabulary lists and Latin dictionaries will give you the 3 nominative forms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter. It’s important to learn all 3 of these. parvus, parva, parvum small magnus, magna, magnum great, large

17. Time To Practice! • Workbook page 7, #’s 1-5.

18. fama famae f. report, fame

19. familia familiae f. family

20. fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

21. puella puellae f. girl

22. terra terrae f. earth, land

23. vita vitae f. life

24. bonus, bona, bonum good

25. durus, dura, durum hard

26. magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

27. parvus, parva, parvum small, little

28. amant they love, like

29. portant they carry

30. Finding Direct Objects • A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking verb like “is” and “are”). • The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb. • The girl pets the cat. • (Ask: what does the girl pet?) • Direct object: CAT • The boy feeds the dog. • (Ask: what does the boy feed?) • Direct object: DOG

31. Finding Direct Objects • The choir sang a song. • Subject----choir • Direct object----song • The paramedic drove the ambulance. • Subject---paramedic • Direct object---ambulance • The girls like the forest. • Subject----girls • Direct object----forest

32. The Accusative Case The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Remember that the accusative endings of the first declension nouns you’ve learned so far have –am in the singular and –as in the plural. Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is

33. Accusative Direct Objects • The girls like the forest. • What is the subject? Girls • Girls=Subject • Subject=Nominative • Girls=Nominative • What is the direct object? Forest • Forest=direct object • Direct Object=accusative • Forest=accusative • Puellaesilvamamant. Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is

34. Time to practice! • Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences: • The girl is my friend. • Shelia is a girl. • The girls went to the mall. • I saw the girls at the mall. sg. -a nominative nominative sg. -a nominative pl. -ae accusative pl. -as Case Singular Plural Nominative (subject) a ae Genitive ae arum Dative aeis Accusative (direct obj.) am as Ablative a is

35. Practicing Accusative Direct Objects Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is • The girls like water. • Puellaeaqu__ amant. • The families carry water. • Familiaeaqu__ portant. • The girls like the roads. • Puellae vi__ amant. • The families carry the girls. • Familiaepuell__ portant. am am as as

36. What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order without changing their endings? Puellaesilvamamant. Puellaeamantsilvam. Silvampuellaeamant. Amantpuellaesilvam. Amantsilvampuellae. ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN “THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.”  In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER. Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences. Remember: Endings are everything!!!

37. Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” are girls’ names. Cornelia et Iulia familiamamant. Cornelia et Iulia familiamparvamamant. Cornelia et Iulia aquamportant. Cornelia et Iulia aquambonamportant.

38. fama famae f. report, fame

39. familia familiae f. family

40. fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

41. puella puellae f. girl

42. terra terrae f. earth, land

43. vita vitae f. life

44. bonus, bona, bonum good

45. durus, dura, durum hard

46. magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

47. parvus, parva, parvum small, little

48. amant they love, like

49. portant they carry

50. Sicilia Sicilia estinsula magna in Europa. Magna estfamaSiciliae (of Sicily), sedfortuna Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est. In Sicilia vita estdura. Terra et aqua suntbonae, sedfamiliaesuntmagnae. Magnaesilvae in Sicilia non sunt. Viae non bonaesedparvaesunt. Vita estdura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est. In Sicilia suntparvae et magnaepuellae. Parvaepuellae pupas (dolls) amant. Magnaepuellaeaquamportant. Familiaepuellasamant. FamiliaeSiciliam et famamSiciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed fortunamduram non amant.