Egyptian Contributions

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Egyptian Contributions 2nd Grade Created by: Catherine H. Harrison

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Introduction Did you ever wonder about Ancient Egypt? • What did our Egyptian ancestors leave behind? • What exactly is “Hieroglyphics”? • And, what about those Ancient Pyramids? Well climb aboard the “Ancient Express”, and take a trip in time to Ancient Egypt. On your journey, you will discover the answers to all of these questions and much more!

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Tasks As you ride the “Ancient Express”, you will use your travel journal to write down your discoveries and thoughts on the contributions of Ancient Egypt. You will create your name and decipher a message using Hieroglyphics. You will learn who built the ancient pyramids of Egypt and how they were used. And you will build your own pyramid with pictures depicting the important contributions of this ancient civilization.

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Process Step 1: Click on the Scroll use your travel journalto read about the three areas of contributions made by the Egyptians. Then answer a the thought question that goes along with the discovery. Step 2: Click on the Cartouche to create your own Egyptian Cartouche and create your own name in hieroglyphics. In your Journal decipher the hidden message using the Hieroglyphics Reference Page. Step 3: Using Kidspiration to create an Egyptian Pyramid and decorate with pictures and words to illustrate the contributions of the Ancient Egyptians. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Conclusion We have come to the end of our journey. On the way you learned about the many contributions of Ancient Egypt. You created your own cartouche and printed your name in hieroglyphics. You deciphered an Egyptian Hieroglyphic code. You even built your own Pyramid! Job well done, Explorers!

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Evaluation Egyptian Contributions Web QuestRubric

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Resources • Virginia State SOLs and the PWCS Social Studies Instructional Support Team lesson and activity models • My Second Grade Teachers’ Resource Notebook • “The Mini Page” – 1997 Universal Press Syndicate – Daily Press Tues. March 3, 1997 • abc teach - www.abcteach.com • Web Site of the Snaith Primary School - http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/egypt.htm • Pyramid Power - http://www.seaworld.org/fun-zone/fun-guides/egypt/pyramid-power.htm • Color Me Egypt - http://touregypt.net/kids/ • Hieroglyphs: Say What? - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/hieroglyph/ • Pyramid Pattern - http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/Pyramid.shtml • A Walk Through Time - http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/ancient.html • Papyrus 101 - http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/papyrus_making/index.html# • Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt - http://www.eyelid.co.uk/e-name.htm

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Step 1 -Travel Journal Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Step 2 -Hieroglyphics • Use the following links to create your own Egyptian Cartouche & Name in Hieroglyphics - Back in Ancient times, one could tell a pharaoh’s name from a common person because it was placed on a Cartouche. • Print your Cartouche and your name • Paste them into your journal • In your Journal decipher the hidden message using the Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 • Hieroglyphics Reference Page

Hieroglyphic Alphabet Back to Step 2

Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Step 3 Pyramids Build a Pyramid Click on the Eye to connect to Kidspiration. Using Kidspiration to create an Egyptian Pyramid and decorate with pictures and words to illustrate the contributions of the Ancient Egyptians. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Hieroglyphics The Ancient Egyptians loved to write and draw. With that love, they created their own written language using pictures. The official language of the Ancient Egyptians was Hieroglyphics. This language is made up of pictures or hieroglyphs that represented words, letters, or a combination of letters. Ancient Egyptians wrote Hieroglyphics on the walls of their homes, pyramids, tombs, and on papyrus scrolls. Back then, children could write on their walls and not get in trouble with mom. Original Hieroglyphics started out very simple. If there was a picture of a bird it meant bird. But over time, that simple bird picture became the letter M. People started to get confused about what pictures mean what. Over time, no one could remember what the pictures meant. In 1799, a stone called the Rosetta Stone was found by the French in Northern Egypt. On each side of this special stone there were three different languages telling the same story. One of the languages was Hieroglyphics. The other two languages were Demotic and Greek. People could still read Greek and so they compared the Greek words with the Hieroglyphic symbols and began to understand what each picture meant. In 1822, Jean Fancois Champollion began study Hieroglyphics and he figured out that some of pictures were for letters, some were for words and some were for ideas. His work helped Archaeologists read the walls and works of the Ancient Egyptians and learn more about this time in history. Written Language Back To Journal

Egyptian Calendar The Ancient Egyptians created the first known 365-day Calendar. They created it in order to mark the passage of years and to record special or significant events. Their calendar was originally based on the phases of the moon until they found the Sirius star (“Dog Star”) rises up every 365 days. This was also about the time the Nile river flooded the Egyptian valley. Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Inventions Page 1 Egyptian Clocks • Obelisks (slender, tapering, four-sided monuments) had moving shadows that created an almost sundial, allowing Egyptians to split the day in half, morning and afternoon. This clock showed the year's longest and shortest days by how the shadows moved. Markers around the base of the Obelisks helped show more division of time during the day. Back To Back To Journal Inventions Page 2

Inventions Page 2 “Papyrus” Egyptian Paper • Papyrus means two things. First, it is the plant that is grown in Lower Egypt near the Nile River. Second, papyrus is the paper that is made from the papyrus plant. • Papyrus paper was made by laying the reads of the plant in two layers and pressing them together. • The Egyptians pressed several of these pages together to create scrolls. • To see how papyrus plants are made into paper, click on the link below Back To Journal Inventions Page 1 How Papyrus is Made Slide Show

Egyptian Pyramids When most people think Egypt, they think Pyramids. The Egyptians built two types of Pyramids, the “Step Pyramid” and the true “Pyramid” The Pyramids were built as tombs. They were places to burry the Kings and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. They were built to protect the Pharaoh’s body. Inside the Pyramids were mazes and dead-ends in order to protect the Pharaoh’s body somewhere in the Pyramid. Buried with the Pharaoh, there were all of his treasures that he/she wanted to take in the afterlife. The Egyptian Pyramids are hand-made. They are made of huge blocks made of sand, clay and stone. “The Great Pyramid” or “Khufu” is the largest pyramid ever built. It is over 450ft high. Introduction Task Process Conclusion Evaluation Resources Architecture - Pyramids Back To Journal

Egyptian Contributions