Progressive Era

1. Progressive Era Can The American Dream "Overcome" The American Nightmare? Why Do Do-Gooders Do The Things They Do?

2. Do Now: What areas in society needed to be changed at the turn of the century? Aim: Did the Progressive Era go far enough in seeking democratic reforms?

3. Protect social welfare Promote morality Economic reforms efficiency Goals of the Progressives

4. Believed the gov’t could no longer maintain a laissez-faire attitude Gov’t responsibility to be guardian of the American people Help poor, solve problems of Indians, improve working conditions Goals of the Progressives

5. Exposed abuses of industrial society and corruption through writing Muckrakers

8. Lincoln Steffens – corruption in city governments Ida Tarbell – illegal tactics of Rockefeller (oil) Jacob Riis – conditions of the poor, tenement life and working conditions Famous Muckrakers

9. Upton Sinclair – “Jungle” meat packing industry Ray Stannard Baker – “following the color line” Frank Norris – farmers abuse from the R.R. Famous Muckrakers

10. Upton Sinclair

11. Aim: How did the Progressive Movement reform problems in Gov't?

12. Secret Ballot – voters were less subject to pressure and intimidation Initiative – voters could directly introduce bills in state legislatures and could vote on whether or not that bill passed Political Reforms

13. Referendum – voters could get a bill placed on ballot – vote on an initiative Recall – elected officials could be removed by voters in a special election Political Reforms

14. Direct primary – special elections to determine whom party members wan to represent them 17th amendment – 1912 direct election of senators Political Reforms

15. Do Now: Should the government be responsible for correcting problems in society? What did TR mean by “Square Deal?” Aim: Did Theodore Roosevelt offer the American people a Square Deal?

16. Hero in the Spanish-American War – led the Rough Riders to famous victories V.P. under McKinley – takes over after his assasination in 1901 at 42 years old Elected officially in 1904 Teddy Roosevelt

17. Teddy Roosevelt

18. Consumer Protection Conservation Controlling Corporations THE Three C’s of the Square Deal

19. Some were regulated while others were dissolved "Bad" Trusts "Good" trusts "we draw the line against misconduct, not against wealth" Trust - Bustin’

21. 1902 Coal mine owners refused to negotiate with workers Send army to take over the mine Won shorter hours & higher wages; no recongnition of union --> landmark compromise The Coal Strike

22. 1906 Hepburn Act – strengthen the ICC It could now set RR rates Regulate pipelines, ferries, bridges ICC --> significant regulatory agency Interstate Commerce Commission

23. 1906 – FDA Banned use of harmful additions in foods and banned false advertising for drugs Required food & medicine containers to carry ingrediant labels Pure Food And Drug Act

26. 1906 – federal investigation of industry set health and sanitary standards for all phases of the meatpacking industry Meat Inspection Act

27. New lands Reclamation Act – set $ aside from the sale of public land to build dams and irrigation systems in the west US Forest Service established goverments role as manager of the continuing development of the wilderness "in the past, we have admitted the right of the individual to injure the future of the Republic for his own present profit. The time has come for change." Conservation

29. Roosevelt added land to existing parks and created several new ones. 230 million acres were set aside as forest reserves Conservation

30. “strong as a bull moose” Minimum wage, better conditions, no child labor, suffrage, control business, 8 hr work day Progressive Party

31. T.R. back from Africa – to run for Pres New Nationalism – fed gov't would extend power and use it for welfare of the people Rep party splits – Progressive Party is created Bull Moose Party

32. Do Now: What would a president have to do to compare to T.R. Aim: Who was a better Progressive President?

33. He was elected president in 1908 with a popular vote of 7,675,320 to 6,412,294 for Nebraska editor and Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan, and an electoral vote of 321 to Bryan's 162. Although decisive, Taft's margin of victory was not as great as Roosevelt's had been in the previous election. William Howard Taft 1909-1913

34. William Howard Taft 1909-1913

35. Payne Aldrich Tariff – highest tariff ever Conservation – supported Sec of Interior – used land for profit, and sold back to public William Howard Taft 1909-1913

36. Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

37. “ The New Freedom” Strong president Tame big business, open up competition Attack tariffs, trusts and banks: The Triple Wall of Privilege Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

38. Underwood Tariff – lowered tariff by 25% Believed high tariffs only helped the rich and hurt the average American Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

39. Graduated income tax – 1913 Rich taxed at higher rate than less well off Led to 16th amendment Source of revenue for gov't Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

40. Federal Reserve Act – set up banking system for US Regulate and control money I circulation Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

41. Clayton Anti Trust Act – outlawed monopolistic business practices Labor unions were not trusts Workers could strike and picket Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

42. Federal Trade Commission Act – created to preserve competition Investigate complaints monitor unfair business practices Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

43. Key Amendments – 16th – income tax 17th – senators direct election 18th - prohibition 19 – women’s suffrage Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921

44. If prohibition happened today, what would be some effects?

47. Founded in 1874 Alcohol was a serious problem in society WCTU – help with poverty, physical abuse, child neglect, to create a "sober and pure world" Protection from alcohol would solve all of these problems Removal of poverty = abstinence from alcohol. lust-free, alcohol-free, tobacco-free marriages Women’s Christian Temperance Movement