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CHAPTER TWO

This article provides an overview of the skeletal and muscular systems, including the structure and functions of bones and muscles, as well as common injuries such as sprains, fractures, and dislocations.

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CHAPTER TWO

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  1. CHAPTER TWO

  2. THE SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

  3. SKELETAL SYSTEM THE AVERAGE PERSON HAS 206 BONES

  4. BONES ARE HELD TOGETHER BY LIGAMENTS LIGAMENT

  5. TENDONS ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES THAT ATTACH BONE TO MUSCLE ACHILLES TENDON

  6. FUNCTIONS • GIVES SHAPE AND SUPPORT • ALLOWS MOVEMENT • PROTECTS TISSUES AND ORGANS • STORES CERTAIN SUBSTANCES • PRODUCE BLOOD CELLS

  7. DEVELOPMENT OF BONES • CARTILAGE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT FORMS BONES • STRONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT WEIGHT BUT FLEXIBLE

  8. BONE REPLACES CARTILAGE ABOUT SEVEN MONTHS BEFORE BIRTH • CARTILAGE REMAINS IN JOINTS, EARS, AND NOSE • ACTS AS A CUSHION • PROVIDES SLIPPERY SURFACE FOR BONE MOVEMENT

  9. STRUCTURE OF BONES • BONE IS ONE OF TOUGHEST AND LIGHTEST MATERIALS IN THE BODY • 206 BONES MAKE UP ABOUT 14% OF BODY MASS • BONES ARE ALIVE – NERVES, BONE-FORMING CELLS, AND BLOOD VESSELS

  10. BONES ARE LIKE ROCKS – HARD AND STRONG • MINERALS MAKE BONES HARD AND STRONG • CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS

  11. THE BONE • HOLLOW SHAFT • YELLOW MARROW – FAT AND BLOOD VESSELS • RED MARROW – PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS

  12. SURROUNDING THE SHAFT – MEMBRANE CONTAINS BONE-FORMING CELLS AND BLOOD VESSELS

  13. MUSCLES ATTACH TO BONE SURFACE • RUNNING THROUGH THE BONE SYSTEM IS A SYSTEM THAT BRINGS FOOD AND OXYGEN • IT ALSO CONTAINS NERVES

  14. SKELETAL JOINTS • JOINT – WHERE BONES COME CLOSE TOGETHER • MOVEABLE JOINTS – ALLOW BONES TO MOVE

  15. BALL AND SOCKET ALLOWS FOR CIRCULAR MOTION

  16. HINGE JOINT ALLOWS FORWARD AND BACKWARD MOVEMENT

  17. PIVOT JOINT ALLOWS BONES TO MOVE OVER EACH OTHER

  18. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  19. THE ONLY TISSUE THAT CONTRACTS OR SHORTENS • MORE THAN 600 MUSCLES WORK WHILE YOU SLEEP TO KEEP YOU ALIVE

  20. MUSCLES ARE MADE OF FIBERS THAT RUN PARRALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER AND ARE HELD TOGETHER BY BUNDLES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  21. SKELETAL MUSCLES • ALLOWS MOVEMENT • ASSOCIATED WITH BONES • STRIATED OR BANDED • VOLUNTARY – YOU CAN CONTROL

  22. SMOOTH MUSCLE • CONTROL BREATHING, BLOOD PRESSURE, ETC. • DO NOT HAVE BANDS • INVOLUNTARY YOU DO NOT CONTROL

  23. CARDIAC MUSCLE • HEART • WEAVE A COMPLEX MESH • INVOLUNTARY

  24. ACTIONS • MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS • NERVE TISSUE IS INVOLVED • MUSCLE CONTRACTS COMPLETELY OR NOT AT ALL

  25. INJURIES TO SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  26. SPRAIN LIGAMENT IS TORN OR PULLED BEYOND NORMAL RANGE

  27. FRACTURE BREAK IN BONE

  28. HEALING BEGINS IMMEDIATELY • BROKEN BLOOD VESSELS FORM CLOT • MINERALS FROM SHARP ENDS ABSORBED • CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWS TO HOLD BONE ENDS TOGETHER

  29. DISLOCATION • A BONE IS FORCED OUT OF IT’S JOINT • THIS NEEDS A DOCTOR TO PUT IT BACK

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