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ALL ABOUT KIDS CPT UNIT 2. TODDLER 1 and a half to 3 years old. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT. By two years old your child can: he can take off an article of clothing he can get up off the floor without having to use his hands he can pull a toy by walking backwards
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ALL ABOUT KIDSCPT UNIT 2 TODDLER 1 and a half to 3 years old.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT • By two years old your child can: • he can take off an article of clothing • he can get up off the floor without having to use his hands • he can pull a toy by walking backwards • he can run in a direction with accuracy and stop when he needs to • most toddlers can walk down stairs while holding onto the banister by placing both feet on each step • he can push buttons and turn knobs PHYSICAL
More on Phsyical Development.. • Four-wheeled riding toys are great at this age. Not only will this encourage his/her co-ordination, it will also burn off excess energyand promote their motor skills. • Toddlers are very physical beings. From the moment they take their first steps, they want to go faster, climb higher, and move in new ways. They quickly learn to run, jump, back up, turn around, kick, squat, climb, and bounce. • The park is a good way for the toddler to stay active(swinging, running, monkey bars) • Between the ages 2 in a half to 3 years, children gain about 1.4 to 2.3 kg (3 to 5 lbs.) and grow about 6 cm (2-1/2 inches) a year. They begin to look more like a young child than a baby as their legs, arms, and body grow more in proportion to their head. • Toddlers soon realize boys and girls are different. Your toddler may be very curious about her own and other people's bodies. Learning where urine (pee) and bowel movements (poop) come from helps her/him get ready for toilet teaching.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT • The toddler years are a time of intense emotions. It takes time for toddlers to learn how to deal with these new feelings. • anxiety when they realize they can be left alone. They don’t like the feeling of their mother or father leaving them • Toddlers' abilities often fall short of what they want to do and they often get very frustrated. • Toddlers are unable to see situations from any point of view other than their own, which leads to temper tantrums due to an emotional overload. This is how they clear out their constricting feelings. • They are often overwhelmed at this stage by confusing emotions and a tantrum can be the result. (very common at this age) • Always want to do things by themselves, and get frustrated when they cant. • The toddler years are an important first step in emotional regulation (the process of learning how emotions make you feel inside and healthy ways to show these emotions to others). • When a child learns to regulate or control their emotions, they learn how to: • recognize what they are feeling • show those feelings in ways that don't hurt them or others • cope with their emotions
You can help to develop your child emotionally by.. • Comforting them when they’re frustrated • Attempt to talk to them about their feelings • Buy colouring books so they can let out their frustration by scribbling or doodling • Staying calm when they have a temper tantrum • Always comfort and reassure them
Toddlers enjoy being around other people but always feel the need to be important and in control • Struggle with sharing, especially if another child is using a toy that belongs to them. This will most likely result in a temper tantrum. • They will start to want to be with other children, to use some manners and will learn to take turns eventually but will most likely take a while. • Very self involved and can’t seem to get past their desires. • Toddlers will play beside one another, but usually not together. This is a normal stage for toddlers and is called "parallel" play. • As they grow and become more experienced at play, they'll learn to play with other children. This is called "cooperative" play, and usually happens after age 3. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Encourage social development by.. • Encourage them to share and be around other children • Teaching him/her about respect and treating him/her with respect • Solving problems with nonviolent solutions • Setting a good example. • Have play dates with other children, but supervise it incase frustration between the toddlers begin • The park (interacting with other toddlers)
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT Toddlers begin learning words and language at a very fast rate. By the time they reach their second birthday, toddlers use pronouns (I, me, mine, us) By this age, toddlers understand most of what is said to them and are able to follow simple commands, such as, “Clean up” “It’s time to eat”. However, this doesn’t mean they will always listen. He/Shewill be able to identify colours, and pictures and begin to categorize things. For instance, a bunny and a cat may look the same to a toddler, because they are both furry. They will most likely call a bunny a cat, and other furry things a cat. They are able to notice textures.
Toddler will be able to… Groups objects according to specific characteristics (colour, size, shape etc). Name and identifies objects in pictures. Enjoys simple stories and songs. Observe and imitate adult actions, for example pretending to drive a car. Interested in looking through books. Understand consequences of their actions (if they run on a wet surface they would fall). Encourage your toddlers cognitive development by reading them books, colouring books Play I spy Play blocks(problem solving skills, and math skills like size, weight and shapes of the blocks) Basic Puzzles and shape sorters(visual skills) Pretend and role playing toys (fake telephone, dolls) (observation skills) Sandbox, modeling play dough, finger painting
Child begins to develop a moral conscience • The toddler also begins to experience “moral feelings” such as guilt, remorse and empathy • These feelings demonstrate that your child understands social connection and right and wrong. • toddler develops self-control, which enables him/her to resist wrongful desires, follow rules and obey orders Moral Development Develop your child's moral development by disciplining them when they do something wrong, model what is right and what is wrong, be a good role model, reward them when they do something good. For instance, when they lie remind them lying is not the right thing to do. Or when they share, reward them by telling them that is the right thing to do. Theorist Albert Bandura( go-go doll experiment)
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theorists
Maslow states that in order to move up the pyramid, and complete each stage we must go in a certain order starting from the bottom completely fulfill that need, and then move on to the next stage. Basic needs for a toddler would be their physical needs which comes first. Of course food, water, and sleep will provide them with the necessities they need for their bodies and brain to develop efficiently. Once they fulfill their basic needs they will be able to move on to safety needs which is feeling a sense of security and protection provided by their caregivers. Next, love/belonging needs will help them develop socially so they are able to build relationships with their caregivers along with other people. Affection and nurture will provide the toddler with love and belonging. Next, esteem needs in Maslow’s pyramid cover the toddler’s emotional needs. It is important to boost the toddlers self esteem due to the fact this is an age where they doubt themselves when they don’t feel independent or can’t do things on their own. Confidence, achievement and respect by their caregivers will allow them to develop feelings and learn what feelings are and how to cope with them. Overall, Maslow touches upon a lot of the stages of development which a toddler goes through.
During the toddler stage, Autonomy versus doubt( 18 months to age three) is when children strive for autonomy or independence. They find delight in learning self-sufficiency and always want to do things and solve things on their own. However, toddlers develop frustration because they do not feel autonomous and start to doubt their abilities and themselves according to Erik Erikson. This touches upon the child's emotional development stage.
Bandura is a theorist who stated that modeled behavior is significant to the behavior of children. This relates to moral development, along with social development because how a child observes an adult acting, will influence the child’s actions to do the same. This is why being a good role-model is important to a child’s moral and social decisions. For instance, being aggressive will result in the child becoming aggressive too since they mostly learn off their caregivers, just like in the bobo doll experiment.
