Dental Systems

1. Dental Systems

2. Dental Operating System with Headpieces • Used in the restoration of teeth and treatment of gum disease • The most common application is the removal of decay and filling of teeth, and the subsequent cleaning and polishing

3. The Major Components of the • Dental Operating System Overview • Chair • Control (delivery) System • Handpieces • Dental Exam Light

4. Dental Chair • Positions the patients so the dentist can comfortably see inside the mouth • Provides comfort to the patient • It is electronically controlled and hydraulically powered • The chair is the base of the whole system and everything mounts to it • Control (delivery) system • Light

5. Dental Chair (Continued) • An electric motor drives the hydraulic pumps which enables the back of the chair to tilt and the base of the chair to lift • These movements are controlled by switches located on the Touchpads • Also most all models use foot controls to provide • protection from infection

6. Control (Delivery) System • Provides the basic utilities required for dental treatment including: • Water • Compressed air • Electricity • Vacuum

7. Control System • It may also include: • Handpiece controls • Foot controls • Bracket tray • Tubing flush system • Multi-syringes • Cuspidor • Suction apparatus

8. Water System • Water is introduced to the dental unit via the floor utility center • It has an open and close valve for the water along with a pre-regulator valve • The water system affects the operation of the 3-way syringe, cuspidor, cup filler, and handpiece water spray

9. Air System • Modern dental units employ an air system to run • the various air-driven dental handpieces • Because of the noise level and for safety • reasons, this system is located outside the patient • treatment area. • A large central air compressor provides the compressed air

10. Air System (Continued) • Most handpieces operate on air pressure in the • 20 to 80 PSI range, with a specific pressure recommended for each handpiece • Most units have a control system located on the • bracket tray where the air pressure can be adjusted

11. Electrical System • Provides power to indicator lights and solenoid • valves for handpieceoperation • Also provides for warm air and/or warm water • Applications • Delivery system Fiber Optic Lights • Dental Exam Lights

12. Vacuum System • Generally, the central vacuum system provides • suction to numerous dental units • The vacuum is connected to the dental unit with • hoses and oral evacuation equipment such as • high volume evacuation (HVE) and saliva ejectors • The dental technicians draw clean clear water • through the HVE and saliva ejector to clean any • debris after each patient • After rinsing with water, they draw air through • the system to clear all water from the hoses

13. Vacuum System (Continued) • The HVE is used to remove the water spray from the handpieces and multisyringe from the patient’s mouth • The saliva ejector is used when the dentist wants to keep the treatment site very dry • This suction is only good for the removal of small amounts of liquid, such as saliva

14. Handpieces and the Handpiece • Control System • There are three types of handpieces: • High speed handpiece (drill) • Low speed handpiece (drill) • Multi-syringe (air, water, and mist) • High and Low Speed Handpieces are powered by air driven turbines

15. High Speed Handpiece • Used for fine work • Body is thin and will attach directly to the handpiece hose • The turbine is located in the head of the handpiece • Needs 32 PSI of air to work correctly

16. Low Speed Handpiece • Used for polishing and coarse drilling • Body most often will be segmented into 3 or 4 parts • The pneumatic motor is usually a separate part • Needs 40 PSI of air to work • correctly

17. Multisyringe Handpiece • Delivers air, water, or an air/water mix (fine mist) • Used for rinsing, drying and blowing away debris in the oral cavity

18. Handpiece Control System • Automatically delivers the drive air and coolant to whichever handpiece is lifted from its holder • The control system has two main components: handpieces and foot control valve • Most handpiece controls are located on the bracket tray, the tray can usually accommodate up to three handpieces • The water flow and drive pressures are individually adjustable for each handpiece

19. Handpiece Control System • (Continued) • Most units use international color symbols for the identification of utilities: • A blue dot identifies a water control • A yellow dot identifies an air control • A red dot identifies the ON or activated position • Master on/off toggle • Turns on the air and water to the control system • When it is off, the items on the unit will not function

20. Handpiece Control System • (Continued) • Wet/Dry Toggle • Turns on the flow of coolant water to all the handpiece control blocks • Adjustment of water flow to each handpiece is made with the individual handpiece coolant water flow control knobs • Coolant Air Flow Control Knob • Adjusts the coolant air flow to all handpieces and can completely shut off the coolant air flow

21. Handpiece Control System • (Continued) • Drive Air Pressure Control • Adjusts the drive air pressure to each handpiece with an adjustment screw for each individual handpiece • Syringe Flow Control • Adjusts the air and water flow from the multisyringe • Generally, there are two adjustment screws to control the flow—one for air and one for water

22. Handpiece Control System • (Continued) • Automatic Handpiece Holder • Shuts off air and water to the handpiece when it is in its holder • When the handpiece is lifted from the holder, the valve inside the holder allows drive air and water to reach the handpiece, via the control block

23. Bracket Tray • Mounted on an arm • Adjustable height • Automatic Brake

24. Handpiece Control System • All high speed and low speed handpieces are • operated by the Dentist through the use of a foot • control valve • A valve inside the foot control regulates the • handpiece speed and provides an air signal that • activates the coolant air and water flow

25. Handpiece Control System • (Continued) • The wet/dry toggle allows coolant water flow to • the handpiece to be shut off without moving the • hands from the oral cavity • When activated, the chip blower removes debris • from the treatment site by sending a jet of air • through the handpiece when it is not running

26. Dental Exam Lights • Illuminates the patient’s mouth • It may be a ceiling track-mounted light or mounted to the dental chair • The light consists of four major assemblies: the transformer, rigid arm assembly, flex arm assembly, and the light head assembly

27. Dental Exam Lights (Continued)

28. Dental Exam Lights (Continued) • The light is activated by the on/off switch located behind the light head assembly • The intensity switch, located on the transformer • housing, sets the light intensity to low, medium or high

29. Dental Exam Lights (Continued) • The flexible arm is counterbalanced to the weight of the light head and can be adjusted • If the light head moves too easily, or drifts, the spring tension in the flexible arm needs to be • Tightened • If the light head is difficult to move, the spring • tension needs to be loosened