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The Age of…

The Age of…. France In the Age of Absolutism. Henry IV (r. 1589-1610). – Bourbon King of France, Huguenot converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes - France’s Tax System (3 Estates) - Parisian Exception - Duke of Sully -. Louis XIII (r 1610-1643).

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The Age of…

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  1. The Age of…

  2. France In the Age of Absolutism

  3. Henry IV (r. 1589-1610) – Bourbon King of France, • Huguenot converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes - France’s Tax System (3 Estates) - Parisian Exception - Duke of Sully -

  4. Louis XIII (r 1610-1643) Cardinal Richelieu – ruled as his chief minister Goal – Huguenot Policies – Indendents - Shift in Power -

  5. The 30 Years War • Protestant Uprising in the Holy Roman Empire • Richelieu’s view on the war • Effects – • Treaty of Westphalia 1648

  6. Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) • Fronde Rebellion – suspicious of France’s nobility • The building of Versailles • Ruled by the Divine Right of Kings

  7. Domestic & Economic Policies • No decisions w/out Louis’s approval • Jean Baptiste Colbert – financial minister • Colbert’s policies • Wars -

  8. Louis XIV’s Wars • Strongest, most powerful military in Europe • Extend France’s natural borders • Balance of power

  9. Early Russian Absolutism

  10. Russia Today

  11. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

  12. Topography of Russia

  13. Rich Soil of the Steppes Chernozen Soil

  14. Siberia  “Permafrost” • Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C • 150,000,000 population. • A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

  15. Themes in Russian History • Expansion by conquest. • Need for warm-water ports. • The necessity of a strong, central government.

  16. Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917) Romanov Family Crest Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)

  17. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-WestFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Technologies, etc. Anti-WestIsolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative • A few Tsars • Intellectual elites • Merchants/ businessmen • Young members of the middle class. • Most Tsars • Russian Orthodox Church • Supported by the Military, Boyars (nobility) & peasants REFORM-MINDEDLEADERS DEMAGOGUES

  18. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) • Main Goal was to Westernize Russia

  19. Foreign Policy • Goal: To end Russia land locked situation • Acquire the Sea of Azov • Land was controlled by the Ottoman Turks • Needed help from Europe & a stronger Russia • Traveled through Europe (secretly) • Attempted to negotiate an alliance – failed • Learned much about the western culture

  20. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War • Improved Army training & weaponry using western techniques and strategies • War with Sweden • 1721 gained land on the Gulf of Finland

  21. Westernization • Moved capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg • Social Development • Women • Beards • Encouraged manufacturing and foreign trade • Modernized the army & reformed the government.

  22. The Nobility Under Peter the Great • Nobility & Orthodox Church came under Peter’s control. • Highly centralized government • “Service Nobility” – • Absolute power & the Church

  23. Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796) • Came to power after the murder of Peter III (her husband)

  24. Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796) • As an Enlightened Ruler: • Supported the arts, sciences, literature & theater • Encouraged foreign investment in underdeveloped areas • Est. the Free Economic Society • Wanted to end serfdom but instead expanded it (1773) • Relaxed censorship & encouraged education for the nobility & middle class

  25. Catherine the Great ( 1762-1796) • On Foreign Policy & Expansion: • Expanded Russian land by 200,000 sq miles • Led 2 successful wars against the Ottoman Empire, annexing Crimea • 3 Polish Land grabs • 1767 – New Constitution

  26. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism

  27. Map of Europe 1648

  28. Austrian Hapsburgs • Lost territory after the 30 years war • Pragmatic Sanction • 1740 Charles VI dies & leaves Marie Theresa in control • Non-unified Empire includes… • Conflicts?

  29. Brandenburg-Prussia • “Austria’s Biggest Little Rivals” • Hohenzollern family seized power during Reformation. • Frederick William “The Elector” (r.1640-1688) • Rebuilt H.R.E. • Unified his army • Improvements

  30. Prussian Successors Frederick William I (r. 1713-1740) • Economic conservative • Replaced mandatory military service with a tax, Doubled the army ( most efficient etc.) • Encouraged trade & industry • Primary school Frederick I (r. 1688-1713) King of Prussia, consolidation & imitated Louis XIV

  31. Prussian Successors Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1772) • Goal: to expand Prussian Territory (Silesia) • War of Austria Succession 1740-48 • Diplomatic Revolution (reversal of alliances)

  32. Seven Years War (aka The French & Indian War) • Alliances created war • 1757 Prussia defeated Austria • 1759 Prussia defeated by combined forces • Political breakdown • Effects of war

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