Enabling Innovation in Nanotechnology Anne Chaka Program Office Office of the Director

1. Enabling Innovation in Nanotechnology Anne Chaka Program Office Office of the Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Department of Commerce

2. Overview of NIST Nanotechnology at NIST Enabling innovation through measurement science and standards User facilities and engagement models The Future: Driving the right science forward NIST: a neutral forum for precompetitive discussion of common issues and best practices across industrial sectors How to achieve performance by design? Specific engagement opportunities (Wizards Workshop) Outline

3. NIST is the U. S. National Measurement Laboratory Promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life. Gaithersburg, MD Boulder, CO Background

4. NIST has… ...three joint institutes JILA NIST + University of Colorado Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (CARB) NIST + University of Maryland Hollings Marine Laboratory NIST + NOAA + South Carolina + University of Charleston + Medical University of South Carolina

5. Pushing the Frontier of Measurement Science Stretching a single DNA Molecule with optical tweezers Focused beam of light Trapped bead Force range: 100 fN - 100 pN

6. NIST provides innovation infrastructure to… ...advance manufacturing and services semiconductor electronics automobile manufacturing interoperability “lean manufacturing” of plastics fuel cell technology pharmaceuticals chemicals healthcare

7. NIST provides innovation infrastructure to… ...improve public safety and security wireless interoperability among first responders Trace explosives detection portal metal detectors smoke detectors standards for body armor novel sensors to detect gases altimeter calibration

8. NIST provides innovation infrastructure to… … improve quality of life prostate and breast-cancer treatment drinking water quality cholesterol standard reference material database and measurements for alternative refrigerants standards for sulfur in fossil fuels

9. NIST Products and Services Include • Measurement Research • 2,200 publications/year • Standard Reference Data • 90 types available • 5,500 units sold/ year • Standard Reference Materials • >1,300 products available • 31,000 units sold/year • Calibrations and Tests • 3,000 items calibrated/year • Laboratory Accreditation • 819 accreditations • Standards Committees • 440 NIST staff, 970 committees

10. Fees $47.2M Other Agency** $130.4M NIST Has a $930 Million Budget… Baldrige National Quality Program $7.3M Advanced Technology Program $79.0M Construction $173.6M Manufacturing Extension Partnership $104.6M NIST Laboratories $387.5M *estimated

11. NIST Consists of Several Operating Units … The Laboratories • 2,800+ employees • 1,800 guest researchers • 1,400 field associates

12. NIST has... ...world-class staff Jan Hall 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics Eric Cornell 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics Bill Phillips 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics Greg Linteris 2 Space Shuttle missions Anneke Sengers 2003 L’Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Award Debbie Jin 2003 MacArthur Fellowship

13. Research consortia Cooperative research and development agreements Sponsor guest researchers in NIST Labs Less formal collaborations between NIST researchers and their peers in industry, academia, and other government agencies are also common. Major user facilities: NIST Center for Neutron Research NIST Center for nanoscale Science and Technology Small manufacturers wishing to modernize, improve productivity, and increase efficiency can seek assistance through NIST's nationwide Manufacturing Extension Partnership program. NIST MEP centers are located in every state to offer local manufacturers assistance with a variety of technical and business problems. Mechanisms for Industry to Work with NIST

14. NIST has… ...strong partnerships

15. Manufacturing Extension Partnership The MEP is a nationwide network that provides hands-on help to smaller manufacturers. • Business assistance includes: • Quality management • Human resource development • Financial planning • Technical assistance includes: • E-commerce • Process improvement • Plant layout • Product development • Energy audits

16. Validated Simulations and Immersive Visualization

17. NCNR NIST has… ...unique user facilities NIST Center for Neutron Research • Is the most reliable, capable, cost efficient, and most used U.S. neutron facility for cold neutron research in the United States (from OSTP report) • Serves over 2000 research participants per year • Currently undergoing expansion and reliability enhancement: • 30% increase in the number of cold neutron instruments • The NCNR would serve at least 500 more researchers per year • New measurement capabilities that do not exist in U.S. today.

18. NIST has……Advanced Measurement Laboratory • 338 reconfigurable lab modules • 8,520 square-meter Nanofabrication Facility (Class 100/ISO 5 cleanroom) • Several labs: • Class 1000/ISO 6 or better • Humidity +/-1% • 36 labs +/- 0.1 °C • 12 to +/- 0.01 °C NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology: • A multidisciplinary user facility aimed at converting discovery to products leveraging NIST’s unique physical assets and skills • Develop the necessary instrumentation, measurement science, and standards • Materials and process characterization to enable “scaled-up, reliable, cost effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems”

19. Across NIST there were about 120 nanotechnology related projects that reported notable accomplishments for FY 2004-2005. Printed report is available CD Hardcopy Nanotechnology at NIST The NNI has designated NIST as the lead agency on “Nanoscale measurement science, instrument calibration, standard reference materials, and nanoscale physical and chemical properties standard reference data.”

20. Composition: ~1/3 Industry, 1/3 Academia, 1/3 Government Over 250 attendees Report is completed and available NNI and IWG Workshops at NIST Grand Challenge Workshop:Instrumentation and Metrology for Nanotechnology http://www.nano.gov Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for NanomanufacturingOctober 17-19, 2006 http://www.mel.nist.gov/nano.htm

21. Increasing Need for International Measurement Standards Global Trade Mutual Recognition of Measurements & Standards Deregulation of Utilities Natural Gas, Electricity New Environmental Regulations Clean Air Act Amendment Increased technical barriers to trade EU IVD Directives, GMO Issues Global Policy Issues Global Climate Change

22. Established in Frederick, Maryland, by: National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Perform preclinical 
efficacy and toxicity testing of nanoparticles Requires well-characterized reference nanomaterials Physical characteristics In vitro In vivo NIST typically receives nanomaterials for 
characterization near the commercialization 
stage. ncl.cancer.gov ESH: Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory

23. 100 nm 200 nm NCI/NIST/FDAGold Nanoparticle Size Standard 10 nm 80 nm

24. MEL Nanomanufacturing Program is providing a “toolbox” to emerging nanomanufacturers for: Measurement science, theory, modeling, simulation, and instrumentation for accurate measurements Instrument control processes and standards Nanofabrication and nanolithography Measurement tools for all aspects of nanotechnology MEL Nanomanufacturing Program

25. Top Electrode NO2 NO2 NO2 NO2 NO2 Bottom Electrode NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2 S S S S S Measurements, Standards, & Data for the Nanoscale Imaging Magnetic Nanostructures Molecular Electronics Nanoconstriction domain wall Cantilever Fabrication for Lateral Force Measurement Nanomechanics and Tribilogy Measurements Nanoscale Dimensional Standards Surface Standards for Biomaterials Linewidth Standards

26. Personal care products Cosmetics, sun lotions Automotive Coatings Energy Catalysis Health Nanobots Drug delivery IVD devices Electronics Terabyte storage capacity Molecular electronics Customers and Collaborations moving to Nanomanufacturing

27. Bring together wizards from Forest Products and Paper Industry with other industrial sectors and academia to discuss common problems and solutions at a precompetitive level Identify and define crosscutting issues Assemble followup teams to develop roadmaps and collaborative research efforts to drive forward solutions to critical issues Tentatively scheduled for late fall Planning is underway Forming the organizing committee Soliciting feedback and input NIST Wizards Workshop

28. Technology and Science areas identified for Forest and Paper Products at a preliminary meeting at NIST, June 7, 2007. Nanocomposites, matrix and bulk properties Strength to weight, mechanical properties Electronic, optical properties Interfaces and surface treatments ESH Nonbonded/noncovalent interactions Separations and fractionalization Molecular water Measurements, characterization, and modeling under each category. NIST Wizards Workshop

29. Summary of Joint Chemical and Semiconductor Industry Research Needs and Recommendations NIST July 17, 2006 Don Anthony - President and Executive Director The Council for Chemical Research Mike Garner – Manager of External Materials Research Intel Daniel Herr – Director, Nanomanufacturing Sciences Research Semiconductor Research Corporation

30. Chemical & Semiconductor Industries independently developed Nanotechnology Needs Roadmaps Jointly Identified Common Nanotechnology Research and Infrastructure Needs Goal: Designed nanomaterials with predictable properties Fundamental Understanding of: Controlled nanostructure synthesis Quantitative nanostructure - property correlations Metrology Predictive Modeling Environment Safety & Health Requirements Chem-Semi Joint Research Needs

31. Designed Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials Nanomaterial Surface Chemical Reactivity Nanomechanical & Interface Properties Electronic Properties & Transport Self Assembled Material Properties Mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties Chemical reactivity Chem-Semi Joint Modeling Needs: Technical

32. National Institute of Standards and Technology The Dow Chemical Company BP Amoco Chemical Company => Innovene Army Research Lab Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 3M Company DuPont ExxonMobil Case Scientific Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Collective BP Mitsubishi Chemical Company http://fluidproperties.org/

33. Technical Approach: From Data to Innovation ROLES INNOVATION Industry: utilizes software for product and process development Software companies: packaging,user interfaces, manuals, user support Industrial problem Plastics Paints Foods Drug design Concrete Water treatment Application Self-assembly, molecular recognition • Software companies, academic researchers, industrial partners: • Develop efficient methods, software • Validate against NIST reference data, Standard Reference Simulations Simulations for derived performance properties Dispersion/aggregation Oil/water & blood/lipid partitioning Solubility/precipitation Bioavailability Simulation Testbed Assessment methods, protocols NIST: Develops, verifies, validates, and assesses uncertainty in standard reference calculations. Analyzes sensitivity of results to input variables. Determines additional experiments needed to establish range of model validity. Simulation test bed & Tools to validate and assess reliability simulations Bayesian uncertainty analysis High Performance Computing Multiscale methods Partition quantum wavefunction into interaction components Numerical error estimation Theory Measurement Infrastructure Measurements to quantify fundamental interactions Data to calibrate, validate fundamental models of chemical, material properties Hydrophobic groups with range of shapes X 20-30 hydrophillic chemical functional groups Electrostatics: range of polar & polarizable molecules H-bonding strength NIST: Close collaboration between theorists, experimentalists to select representative species to bracket range of physics Salts,minerals Tautomers Pka range Metal complex speciation Solubility, calorimetry, and speciation in water across range of pH, temperature, and ionic strength Industry advises on priorities DATA

34. Thank you