1 / 30

Chapter 9

Chapter 9 . Inequalities of Race & Ethnicity . MINORITY, RACE, AND ETHNICITY . Section 1 . Minorities . A minority is a group of people . with physical or cultural traits different from those of the dominant group in the society . • What are the characteristics of a minority? .

yepa
Download Presentation

Chapter 9

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9 Inequalities of Race & Ethnicity

  2. MINORITY, RACE, AND ETHNICITY Section 1

  3. Minorities A minority is a group of people with physical or cultural traits different from those of the dominant group in the society • What are the characteristics of a minority? - A minority has distinctive physical or cultural characteristics which can be used to separate it from the majority - The minority is dominated by the majority - Minority traits are often believed by the dominant majority to be inferior

  4. A minority is a group of people Minorities with physical or cultural traits different from those of the dominant group in the society • What are the characteristics of a minority? - Members of the minority have a common sense of identity with strong group loyalty - The majority determines who belongs to the minority through ascribed status

  5. Defining Race • Is there a scientific basis for race? • But aren’t some physical characteristics superior? Race is people sharing certain inherited physical characteristics that are considered important within a society

  6. Ethnicity • What is ethnicity? • Why are ethnic minorities seen as inferior? Ethnic minority is a group identified by cultural, religious, or national characteristics

  7. RACIAL & ETHNIC RELATIONS Section 2

  8. Patterns of Assimilation •What is the most common pattern of assimilation? Is America more like a melting pot or a tossed salad? . Assimilation is the blending or fusing of Minority groups into dominant society Cultural pluralism is the desire of a group to maintain some sense of identity separate from the dominant group

  9. Patterns of Conflict •What is population transfer? - A minority is forced either to move to a remote location or leave entirely •What is the most extreme pattern of conflict? • What conflict pattern appears most often? De jure segregation is the denial of equal access based on the law Genocide is the systematic De facto segregation is the denial effort to destroy an entire of equal access based on everyday population. practice. 1. Classification 2. Symbolization 3. Dehumanization 4. Organization 5. Polarization 6. Preparation Subjugation is the process by which a 7. Extermination minority group is denied equal 8. Denial access to the benefits of a society.

  10. THEORIES OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION Section 3

  11. Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination • Prejudice involves attitudes, while discrimination is about behavior. • Prejudice usually leads to discrimination. • Conversely, in some instances, discrimination creates prejudiced attitudes through stereotyping. Prejudice is widely held negative Racism is an extreme form of attitudes toward a group (minority or prejudice that assumes majority) and its individual members. superiority of one group over others.

  12. How is discrimination different from prejudice? • Discrimination takes many forms, including avoiding social contact with members of minority groups, denying them positions that carry authority and blocking their access to the more exclusive neighborhoods. • It can also involve such extremes as attacking or killing minority members. Discrimination is treating people differently based on ethnicity, race, religion, or culture.

  13. WHITE PRIVILEGE This is a social relation! A right, advantage, or immunity granted to or enjoyed by white persons beyond the common advantage of all others White privilege can allow people to believe that all people of color think alike

  14. Hate Crimes Hate crime is a criminal act motivated by prejudice. •A person’s protected characteristics are: Race, religion, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, gender identify, and disability

  15. Hate Crimes Hate crime is a criminal act motivated by prejudice. • How are hate crimes different? • In 2012 there were 7, 164 cases were reported to • the FBI • By 2013, 45 states plus Washington D.C. had passed • hate-crime laws • How do sociologists interpret hate crimes? • They always involve labeling • They always follow people who regularly use stereotypes

  16. Stereotypes • In the United States, examples of stereotypes include that athletes are ‘all brawn and no brains’ and that politicians are corrupt Stereotype is a distorted, exaggerated, or oversimplified image applied to a category of people.

  17. Typical Stereotypes • Pushy New Yorker • Stingy Jew • Terrorist Arab • Dumb Jock • Airhead Cheerleader • Flamboyant Gay • Polygamist Mormon • Glasses-wearing Nerd

  18. Hate Crimes Hate crime is a criminal act motivated by prejudice. • What kinds of hate crimes exist in America? • Hate groups? • What groups do you think are targeted the most? Why?

  19. What Would You Do? Hate Crimes What would you do?

  20. Theoretical Perspectives Theoretical Perspective Concept Example Functionalism Ethnocentrism White colonists used negative stereotypes as a justification for taking Native American land. Conflict Theory Competition for power African Americans accuse Latinos of using their political clout to win advantages for themselves. Members of a minority fail because of the low Symbolic Interactionism Self-fulfilling prophecy- an expectation that leads to behavior that causes the expectation to become reality. expectations they have for their own success.

  21. MINORITY GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES Section 4

  22. Institutionalized Discrimination Institutionalized discrimination is unfair practices that grow out of common behaviors and attitudes and that are a part of the structure of society. • Discrimination in the United States has caused some ethnic and racial groups to lag behind the white majority in jobs, income, and education. • Progress is being made, but gains remain fragile. • African Americans, Latino, Asian American, Native American, and white ethnics are the largest minority groups in the country.

  23. African Americans • What are the barriers to African American assimilation? - Skin color and physical features - History • What are average income levels for African Americans? - Approximately 64% of whites

  24. • How do African Americans fare in the job market? - Almost twice as likely as whites to work in low- level service jobs (US Department of Labor, 1997). - Patterns of unemployment - Hidden unemployment Hidden unemployment is unemployment that includes people not counted in the traditional unemployment categories.

  25. Underclass are people typically unemployed who come from families that have been poor for generations. • Have African Americans made advances? - 1999, 77% finished high school compared to 84% of whites - 25% of whites completed college; 15% of African Americans have done so. • Emergence of two black Americas - Growing black middle class - Black underclass

  26. Average income for Latinos is $30,735. Cubans are the most 60% are of Mexican descent. Puerto Ricans make up less than Latinos afflluent Latinos, but median income is about 75% of whites. 1/10th of total Latino population. Poorest Latinos are Puerto Ricans, income is only ½ of Cubans make up the 3rd most populous group of Latinos. Typically, Latinos tend to vote democrat. whites. (US Bureau of the Census, 1999) • What are the largest Latino groups in the United States? • What is the general level of education among Latinos? Over half have completed high school. • How much money do Latinos earn? Mexican -Americans have the lowest level of education. • How do Latinos stand politically? Cuban-Americans have the highest.

  27. Native Americans • What is the current situation of Native Americans? • Are conditions on reservations better or worse? Still suffering from the effects of hundreds of years of discrimination. ¼ of the Native American population live below the poverty line. Fewer graduate from High School. Have lowest annual income ($21,619) ¼ of Native Americans live on reservations. Conditions are considerably worse than for those not living on a reservation. 50% on reservations live below the poverty line. 184 tribes were operating casinos in 1999.

  28. Arrived beginning in 1885. Suffered Asian Americans prejudice & discrimination, nonetheless became successful. Put in internment •How have Chinese Americans fared camps during WWII over the years? Concentrated in Chinatowns. Most •What has been the history of Japanese Americans in the United Americans today recognize Chinese American’s willingness to States? work hard. • Why have so many Asian Americans been successful? They have largely been successful because they have used the educational system for upward mobility.

  29. White Ethnics • Descendents of immigrants from Eastern & Southern Europe (particularly Italy & Poland) • Majority are blue collar workers.

  30. Appalachia

More Related