Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Physics

1. ةعماجلا لبقتسملا ةيلك ةعبارلا ةلحرملا ةعماجلا لبقتسملا ةيلك ةعبارلا ةلحرملا AL Department of Medical Physics The fourth Stage AL- -Mustaqbal Department of Medical Physics The fourth Stage Mustaqbal University College University College ةيبطلا ءايزيفلا مسق ةيبطلا ءايزيفلا مسق Radiation Protection عاعشلاا نم ةياقولا LECTURE FIVE : Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation LECTURE FIVE : Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Aaat. prof . Dr Forat Hamzah Dr. AmeenAlwan

2. Biological Effect Biological Effect يجولويبلا ريثأتلا  Introduction عاعشلإل يجولويبلا ريثأتلا نم ديزت يتلا لماوعلا يه ام  What are the factors that increase biological effect of radiation? ) مسجلا يف ريثأتلا ةقيرط بسح ( نيؤملا عاعشلإا تاريثأت عاونأ  Types of effects of ionizing radiation (depending on the method of effect in the body)  Types of effects of ionizing radiation (depending on the duration). ) ةدملا بسح ( نيؤملا عاعشلإا تاريثأت عاونأ  Symptoms associated with exposure to radiation. عاعشلإل ضرعتلل ةبحاصملا ضارعلأا  Types exposure of ionizing radiation. نيؤملا عاعشلإل ضرعتلا عاونأ .

3. Biological Effect Biological Effect  Introduction Man has known the harmful effect of radiation since the beginning of its discovery and before he knew the ways to prevent it, and these effects include noticing hair loss and redness of the skin as a result of exposure to X-rays and the infection of the discoverer of these rays with skin cancer. In addition to the high incidence of lung cancer among uranium miners as a result of inhaling them. : يلي ام اهنم لماوع ةدع ىلع عاعشلإل يجولويبلا ريثأتلا دمتعي  The biological effect of radiation depends on several factors, including the following: Type of radiation.  عاعشلإا عون The method of exposure to radiation, whether external or internal.  يلخاد وأ يجراخ ءاوس عاعشلإل ضرعتلا ةقيرط Type of organ , depending on the following: i) Sensitivity of the organ exposed to radiation. ii) The ability of the organ to store radiation.  وضعلا عون عاعشلإل ضرعملا وضعلا ةيساسح عاعشلإا نيزخت ىلع وضعلا ةردق

4. Biological Effect Biological Effect ) مسجلا يف ريثأتلا ةقيرط بسح ( نيؤملا عاعشلإا تاريثأت عاونأ  Types of effects of ionizing radiation (depending on the method of effect in the body) First: Direct Method تارذلا نيب طباورلا In the direct method, the bonds between the atoms that make up the molecules (living matter) are broken as a result of ionization, especially the nucleus of the cell, causing its death or a genetic effect on it. ايثارو اهيلع ريثأتلا وأ اهتوم يف ببست Second: In-Direct Method ءاملا للحت As for the indirect effects , they result from the decomposition of water, which makes up ةماس ةيئايميك داوم جتنت 70-85% of the living body , and this in turn produces toxic chemicals material that affect the cell and neighboring cells.

5. Biological Effect Biological Effect عاونأ ةدملا بسح ) نيؤملا عاعشلإا تاريثأت ( Types of effects of ionizing radiation (depending on the duration): ةيمتحلا تاريثأتلا First: Deterministic effects عيرسو رشابم لكشب مسجلا ىلع رهظت يتلا Deterministic effects are biological effects that appear on the body directly and quickly as a اًقحلا وأ ةرشابم ضارعلأا رهظتس results of radiation exposure, where the biological effects )symptoms( will appear directly or later, but it is semi deterministic. ةيمتحلا راثلآا ضارعأ Based on the sensitivity of tissues and organs to radiation, symptoms of the deterministic effects of radiation exposure are divided into three categories (classification) ;  Blood system symptoms مدلا زاهج ضارعأ  Digestive system symptoms يمضهلا زاهجلا ضارعأ  Nervous system symptoms يبصعلا زاهجلا ضارعأ

6. Biological Effect Biological Effect ﺔﻴﺌ او ﺸﻌﻟ ا ﺎﺜﻵ ر ا Second: Stochastic effects: ةليوط ةرتف دعب مسجلا ىلع رهظت are biological effects that appear on the body for a long time, perhaps after many years as a results of radiation exposure . One of the most important stochastic effects as a result of radiation exposure is the possibility . ةيقردلا ةدغلاو نيتئرلاو ماظعلاو دلجلاو مدلا ناطرس of cancer in the blood, skin, bones, lungs, and thyroid gland. The general symptoms that appear when the body is exposed to radiation are as follows;  Nausea نايثغ  Vomiting ؤيقتلا  Fatigue ءايعإ مسجلا ةرارح ةجرد عافترا  High body temperature مدلا تانوكم لدعم يف ريغت  Change in the rate of blood components قورحلا لثم دلجلا يف تاريغت  Changes to the skin, such as burns in cases of exposure severe and topical (burn spots).

7. Biological Effect Biological Effect داحلا ضرعتلا Acute exposure It is exposure to high dose radiation in a short time. In this case, the biological effects appear directly or during a short period of time after exposure to a certain amount of radiation. نمزملا ) رمتسملا ضرعتلا ( Continuous exposure (chronic exposure) It is exposure to a low dose of radiation for a long time. In this case, the biological effects may not appear directly, and it may take several years after exposure, or it may appear in the following generations Dosage.