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Outline of recent ESA-related developments

Outline of recent ESA-related developments . Giovanni Santin * , Petteri Nieminen ESA / ESTEC *RHEA System SA GEANT4 – SPENVIS Space Users’ Workshop ‘06 Pasadena, 9-10 November 2006. Geometry modelling. Usability. Physics.

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Outline of recent ESA-related developments

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  1. Outline of recent ESA-related developments Giovanni Santin*, Petteri Nieminen ESA / ESTEC *RHEA System SA GEANT4 – SPENVIS Space Users’ Workshop ‘06 Pasadena, 9-10 November 2006

  2. Geometry modelling Usability Physics Geant4 for space environment analysesEnvironments – Physics - Geometry - Analysis ESA involvement in the Geant4 collaboration (since 1997) contributed to • new capabilities in the Geant4 kernel of relevance for space • applications and tools in the space radiation environments and effects domain. Applications: Science mission analyses Radiation engineering and shielding applications Planetary environment modelling Human effects Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  3. Physics • New requirements from • Science missions • Human space flight • Effects to micro-electronics • Environment modelling Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  4. EM Standard EM Low Energy Geant4 models Optical HAD protons HAD ions 100 eV 1 keV 10 MeV 100 MeV 100 GeV 100 TeV 100 PeV Plasma Tr. Electrons Tr. Protons Space environment Solar protons Cosmic rays: p,a,ions Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays Space environment and Physics models Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  5. Ion physics P. Truscott, REAT_MS 1, MARSREM Very low energy extensions MG Pia, Geant4-DNA Physics lists for space applications V. Ivantchenko, REAT_MS 1 Inverse Monte Carlo Laurent Desorgher, REAT_MS 1 & 2 Physics developments • See related talks at this workshop Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  6. “Adjoint” technique [Kalos 1968] New transport equation, “adjoint” to the conventional “forward” transport equation Transport analogous to the forward one, but backward successive points are higher in energy, earlier in time Suitable for Monte Carlo calculations Computations start at the detector and score at the source Possibility of computing doses at a point! Feasibility study (REAT_MS 1) G4 RMC Prototype for fast e- dose computation Only continuous energy loss and simple multiple scattering Completed Full implementation (REAT_MS 2) RMC in G4 for fast e- dose computation Backward simulation of : e- ionisation with delta production, continuous energy loss and multiple scattering Bremstrahlung, compton scattering, photo-electric effect In development - Release mid 2007 Geant4 Reverse MC Laurent Desorgher Space IT and Uni. Bern Proposed to be included in Geant4 release Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  7. Geometry • GDML • Upgrades • Developments for CAD I/F • CAD • Prototype interface through ST-Viewer • GDML Interface in Space Engineering CAD tools • ESABASE1 • Through ES9 meshing • Under investigation Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  8. GDML Geometry Description Markup Language • Initial frame: XML based geometry description for Geant4 (CERN, ~2000) Motivation • move away from hard-coded geometry (C++) • enable geometry interchange between applications • Presently part of the CERN Simulation Framework (Simulation Project) as Geometry interchange format • Actively used at CERN for Physics comparisons (Geant4 - FLUKA) Geometry model exchange (Geant4 - ROOT) Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  9. GDML schema and I/O user application (1) • GDML is defined through XML Schema (XSD) • defines document structure and the list of legal elements (position, rotation, material, solid,…) • XSD are in XML -> they are extensible • GDML I/O • C++ implementation of GDML processor • Input Xerces-C SAX parser  'in-memory' representation of the geometry description • Output Writing-out GDML data • Alternative Python-based processor • uses xml.sax Python module • allows very light binding to applications GDML writer GDML Schema GDML file GDML reader user application (2) Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  10. GDML example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <gdml xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="GDMLSchema/gdml.xsd"> <define> <position name="TrackerinWorldpos" unit="mm" x="0" y="0" z="100" /> </define> <materials> <material formula=" " name="Air" > <D value="1.290" unit="mg/cm3"/> <fraction n="0.7" ref="Nitrogen" /> <fraction n="0.3" ref="Oxygen" /> </material> </materials> <solids> <box lunit="mm" name="Tracker" x="50" y="50" z="50" /> </solids> <structure> <volume name="World" > <materialref ref="Air" /> <solidref ref="world" /> <physvol> <volumeref ref="Tracker" /> <positionref ref="TrackerinWorldpos" /> <rotationref ref="TrackerinWorldrot" /> </physvol> </volume> </structure> <setup name="Default" version="1.0" > <world ref="World" /> </setup> </gdml> positions, rotations • Similar to HTML, explicit tags for elements, … • ASCII file: easy to create, read, debug, modify,… materials solids geometry tree 'world' volume Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  11. ConeXpress, ESA, Ronnie Lindberg LHCB, CERN, R.Maunder Antropomorphic Phantom, INFN, Giorgio Guerrieri, Maria Grazia Pia, Susanna Guatelli GDML 2.8 - Status • Solids supported: • box, sphere (G4Sphere and G4Orb), tube, cone, polycone, parallepiped, trapezoid (G4Trap and G4Trd), torus, polyhedron, hype (tube with hyperbolic profile), elliptical tube • Tetrahedron, tessellated, ellipsoid, twisted solids  NEW • Boolean solids: • Union, subtraction, intersection • Assembly of volumes • Replicas and divisions • Parameterized volumes • Position, rotation and size • Loops, modular models NEW • E.g. space electronic components,… • Open source, collaborative development • http://cern.ch/gdml • Stable, mature • Main G4 geometry format at ESA Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  12. Prototype by ESA REAT_MS contract (QinetiQ+sub.) Uses G4TessellatedSolid (P.Truscott) Requires auxiliary files created with ST-Viewer commercial S/W Based on GDML (v 2.8) CAD-GDML interfaces in engineering tools ESABASE2 (eta_max) FASTRAD (TRAD) Future contract to integrate GEANT4 in CAD GUI framework External CAD tool CAD model STEP model CAD tool ST-Viewer StepTools OpenCascade library GDML ESABASE 2 FASTRAD Geant4 Geant4 CAD interface 10 GeV proton in wood LHEP_BIC_HP Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  13. DOSE Estimate of the dose at a point Based on external Dose-Depth curve E.g. SHIELDOSE-2 curve [rad VS g/cm2] Ray-by-ray dose calculation Results: Total dose Dose-Depth profile Dose directionality Ray tracing: from a user-defined point within a Geant4 geometry NORM, SLANT and MIXED tracing SHIELDING shielding levels fraction of solid angle for which the shielding is within a defined interval global and from single materials shielding distribution the mean shielding level as a function of look direction It utilizes geantinos ConeXpress model: R.Lindberg, ESA Sector Shielding Analysis Tool SSAT Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  14. Layer Geometry Physics list choice Analysis options Dose Pulse Height Spectrum Ion. dose NIEL Dose Equivalent Primary particle spectrum and fluences from SPENVIS Trapped protons Solar protons Trapped electrons … Web interface Geant4-based Microdosimetry Tool Microdosimetry in geometries representing features of a semiconductor device(transistor/junction geometries) Analysis includes single event effects (SEE) simultaneous energy deposition in several sensitive regions (MBU) Trajectory average spectra 1.00E+05 1.00E+04 electrons 1.00E+03 protons 1.00E+02 Differential flux (/cm2/s/MeV) 1.00E+01 1.00E+00 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1.00E-01 1.00E-02 Energy (MeV) MULASSIS and GEMAT Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  15. GRAS Geant4 Radiation Analysis for Space • Detector / Component effects • Dose, Fluence, NIEL, LET… for support to engineering and scientific design • Human dosimetry • Dose Equivalent, Equivalent Dose,… for ESA exploration initiative • 3D geometry • GDML format, or existing C++ class, … • Ready-To-Use tool • Different analyses set without re-compilation • Modular / extendable design • Is being integrated into SPENVIS Santin et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52, 2005 Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  16. Source Fluence Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules NIEL Analysis Modules … Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules 2 Dose Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules Dose Analysis Modules RADIATION ENVIRONMENT /gps/pos/type Surface /gps/pos/shape Sphere ... /gps/ang/type cos /gps/particle e- ... Geometry • GDML • Used also for STEP CAD models • Also provided: • - MULASSIS – like • - Interface to ESABASE (in progress) • - C++ model 1 /gras/geometry/type gdml /gdml/file geometry/conexpress.gdml Physics Geant4 physics models through script commands /gras/phys/addPhysics em_standard /gras/phys/addPhysics binary /gras/phys/addPhysics binary_ion /gras/phys/addPhysics lowe_neutron /gras/physics/setCuts 0.1 mm /gras/physics/stepMax 0.01 mm GRAS components Santin et al, RADECS, 2005 Analysis 4 Analysis Manager GEANT4 3 • Dose (TID) • Dose equivalent • Equivalent dose • Source monitoring • Detector analysis • - NIEL • Fluence • Charging • LET • Path-length • In progress: • Activation • more SEE /gras/analysis/dose/addModule doseB12 /gras/analysis/dose/doseB12/addVolume b1 /gras/analysis/dose/doseB12/addVolume b2 /gras/analysis/dose/doseB12/setUnit rad Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  17. GRASShielding assessmentComparison to ray-tracing Lindberg et al, accepted, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. • Comparison of transmission (p, e-) • Parametric study: stability of Geant4 dose estimates after transmission VS tracking parameters • Dose comparison in simple and realistic satellite geometries Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  18. JWST NIRSpec Neutron production TOF HERSCHEL Glitch study GRASStatus and plans • Current release V1.3 • Using Geant4 8.0.p01, GDML 2.5 • Ongoing studies using GRAS • SREM radiation monitor (calibration) • HERSCHEL (glitch studies) • ConeXpress (dosimetry) • GAIA (dosimetry, transients) • RF filters (surface effects) • Upgrades • New analysis modules • Review of uncertainties  to Geant4 release • Interface to PHITS (T. Koi) • Upgrade of physics list • Coming release V1.4 • Using Geant4 8.1.p01, GDML 2.8 • Next weeks • Software Installation & User Manual  NEW Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  19. Robotic and human missions Long interplanetary journey Long permanence with scarce natural shielding New user requirements include: planetary models e.g. scaling of SPE fluence to other planets, magnetic field description, crustal maps ion physics electromagnetics / hadronics for HZE biological effects macroscopic / microscopic models very low energy physics Planetary exploration Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  20. Damage mechanisms Interactions of Radiation with Biological Systems at the Cellular and DNA Level Geant4 extension to simulate electromagnetic interactions in liquid water down to ~7.5 eV e-, p, H, He Processes for cell survival • Human phantom library • Applications in radiation protection, therapy protocol studies • Analytical model INFN Genova Geant4 DNA Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  21. DESIRE (cont) DESIREDose Estimation by Simulation of the ISS Radiation Environment • GEANT4 GEOMETRY • ISS configuration 14A, 400 volumes • Columbus, 800 volumes • Model available for collaborations from Tore Ersmark (KTH) • CALCULATED DOSE RATES INSIDE COLUMBUS • Trapped protons: 2.0 Gy/h • SPENVIS, AP8-min • GCR protons: 3.3 Gy/h • CREME96, solar minimum Example spectra of penetrating trapped protons and secondary particles. Courtesy: T. Ersmark, KTH Stockholm The DESIRE project is funded by ESA (15613/NL/LvH) and the Swedish National Space Board. DESIRE Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  22. REMSIM • Simulation and Analysis of Vehicle Concepts and Surface Habitat Designs • Quantitative dosimetry • Evaluation of interplanetary transfer vehicle concepts and habitat • Interplanetary space radiation environment • See S.Guatelli’s talk at this workshop Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  23. Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  24. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 52, No. 6, Dec2005 Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  25. Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  26. Interactions of cosmic rays with planets Mars, Mercury, Earth Propagation in magnetosphere Interactions with atmosphere and soil Flux of shower particles in atmosphere and soil (new) Energy deposited in atmosphere and soil (new) In development Jupiter case Available at http://cosray.unibe.ch/~laurent/planetocosmics PLANETOCOSMICS Laurent Desorgher Space IT and Uni. Bern Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  27. Active Shielding Laurent Desorgher Space IT and Uni. Bern • MarsREM project • Literature review on active magnetic shielding • Development of a G4 magnetic shielding tool for computing shielding of space radiation by artificial magnetic fields • Comparative study of active and passive shielding by using this tool • In progress – release end 2007 Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  28. Tools for the Space Users’ community http://geant4.esa.int • Geant4 Space Users’ web page • Users • ~100 publications • News • Feedback appreciated Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

  29. To do Giovanni Santin - Recent ESA-related developments - Pasadena, Nov 2006

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