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the Nagoya Protocol and its effect on the protection of Traditional Knowledge

the Nagoya Protocol and its effect on the protection of Traditional Knowledge. Miriam Bitton Bar- Ilan University Faculty of Law October 25, 2011. Traditional Knowledge (TK) . Possessed by indigenous groups concerning the medicinal value of natural products

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the Nagoya Protocol and its effect on the protection of Traditional Knowledge

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  1. the Nagoya Protocol and its effect on the protection of Traditional Knowledge Miriam Bitton Bar-Ilan University Faculty of Law October 25, 2011

  2. Traditional Knowledge (TK) • Possessed by indigenous groups concerning the medicinal value of natural products • Developed over large periods of time • Developing Countries contain more TK than Developed Countries • Developing countries contain more indigenous people • Developing Countries contain more biodiversity than Developed countries.

  3. BioPiracy • Use of genetic resources based on TK without sharing benefits with the holders of TK • Shuar tribes • NCI harvesting of Maytenus buchananni in Kenya • Rosy Periwinkle by Eli Lily from Madagascar. • Companies in developed countries obtain patents

  4. International Response • The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) • One of its primary goals is to ensure fair and equitable benefit sharing • Prior Informed Consent for access to Genetic Resources • Establishes Trust • Bonn Guidelines (2002) • Voluntary • Set Guidelines to strengthen Prior Informed Consent

  5. PIC debate- Nagoya Protocol • After Bonn Guidelines debate over PIC • Developed countries = market based approach • Developing Countries = more recognition of rights in TK • Market based won out • Capacity and lack of funding were probably the reason why.

  6. Nagoya Protocol • Adopted 2010- takes affect after 50 countries ratify • Strengthens PIC • Creates obligations to set up administrative mechanisms for obtaining PIC • Allows access to the CBD financial mechanism

  7. Incompatibility of TRIPS & Nagoya • TRIPS • Allows the patenting of any novel invention • Does not recognize rights in TK • Creates imbalance between developing and developing countries • Nagoya • Strengthens PIC, but still not different from the status quo in terms of property rights for TK

  8. Will the Protocol Have Any Effect? • Past PIC agreements have been successful • Merck/InBio • US National Park agreement • Took large amounts of initial funding • Had nothing to do with Traditional Knowledge

  9. Alternatives to Nagoya • Requiring PIC as a part of disclosure in TRIPS • Not likely to occur • Joint Inventorship • Litigation • Peru • Database construction • India and China

  10. Conclusions • Nagoya Protocol will not be effective due to remaining incompatibility with TRIPS and funding problems. • Developing Countries/Indigenous groups will have to make their own investment in protecting TK.

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