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Understanding DNA, RNA, and Protein: Transcription Basics

This lesson explores the fundamental concepts of molecular biology, specifically focusing on the roles of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Students will examine specific sequences to identify their relation to deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, and amino acids, fostering comprehension of transcription processes. Key steps of transcription—initiation, elongation, and termination—will be discussed, highlighting the mechanics of RNA polymerase and mRNA synthesis. Students will engage in class activities, discussions regarding the implications of DNA transport, and complete a quiz to reinforce their understanding.

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Understanding DNA, RNA, and Protein: Transcription Basics

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  1. Neuron Nudge 2/5 • Identify each sequence below as belonging to DNA, RNA, or a protein. • TATTACGAGGCGAT • CCCGAAUCGAUUG • PTGACMFVLIDKRR • Which of the sequences above contains letters that are abbreviations for: • Amino acids? • Ribonucleotides? • Deoxyribonucleotides?

  2. Classwork 2/5

  3. Predict • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, but they’re located outside of the nucleus. • What are the pros and cons of DNA traveling out of the nucleus to the ribosome? • What are the pros and cons of using a messenger molecule instead?

  4. Observe • Video #4

  5. DNA vs. RNA

  6. Transcription: Overview • Big idea: DNA  mRNA

  7. Transcription and the Gene • Only one gene at a time

  8. Transcription: Steps • Three steps • Initiation • Elongation • Termination

  9. Transcription: Steps • Initiation • RNA polymerase binds to promoter region and unzips DNA

  10. Transcription: Steps • Elongation • RNA polymerase reads the 3’-5’ DNA strand and creates a single-stranded mRNA in the 5’-3’ direction

  11. Transcription: Steps • Termination • RNA polymerase reaches terminator region, at which time it releases the completed mRNAand the DNA (which reforms the double helix)

  12. Transcription: Review • Video #5

  13. Enforce • Practice Quiz: Transcription

  14. Evaluate (Next Steps) • Confident students: • How will you make sure you remember this content? • Confused or uncertain students: • What questions do you have? • How will you make sure you master this material before our next test or quiz?

  15. Homework • Check DNA Replication answers (posted on classworkblog) • Create a transcription summary sheet OR flashcards OR study guide OR…

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