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Center of Mass: Balance and Stability

Explore the concept of center of mass in physics, how to find it, its impact on balance, stability, and equilibrium. Learn about resultant gravitational forces, torque, and more.

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Center of Mass: Balance and Stability

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  1. IHSAN DOĞRAMACI FOUNDATION BILKENT ERZURUM LABORATORY HIGH SCHOOL CENTER OF MASS Cemre Çise KADIOĞLU 102

  2. KEY WORDS Center of gravity, plumb line Weight, torque Resultant-gravitional forces Stability Balance Equilibrium Turning effect

  3. What is centre of mass? • The small forces act like a single force at G. This means that they have the resultant force at G. • The resultant force is the stick’s weight. • G is the centre of mass. Gravitional forces on particles of stick

  4. What is centre of mass? • Centre of mass of a body is the body that moves as though all of the mass were applied there.

  5. Finding centre of mass • If the object is uniform, for example a meter stick, the center of mass will be at the exact geometric center. • But, if the shape is irregular we use plumb line. • Draw lines from each vertex along the plumb line by assuming that the point is on that line • After drawing the lines the centre of the mass will be on the intersection point of these lines. G Intersection point-Centre of mass

  6. Finding the centre of mass • But, if the shape is irregular we use plumb line. • Draw lines from each vertex along the plumb line by assuming that the point is on that line • After drawing the lines the centre of the mass will be on the intersection point of these lines. Intersection point-centre of mass Plumb line

  7. Balancing unequal masses are again about centre of mass • For example, • The bus is heavier than the car so they’re not in balance. M2 M1 d2 d1

  8. In order to balance the system, we should change their distances to the support. • Now they’re in balance. d1 d2 m1.d1=m2.d2

  9. Stability –Equilibrium • If an object isn’t moving and remainig same, the object is stable. • State of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces is called equilibrium. • When the object is stable it’s also in equilibrium which means the forces acting on the object and the forces turning effects are in balance.

  10. Stability-Equilibrium Will turn to its original position Small force will turn it over Will definetely fall over before another force is applied

  11. Types of equilibrium • There are three states of equilibrium,

  12. Stable equilbrium • The objects that have wide base also have the lower centre of mass. • The lower the centre of mass is, the more stable object is. • So it’s more difficult to fall over an object with wider base.

  13. Unstable equilibrium • The objects that have very little base, have high centre of mass. • And if these objects are tilted the centre of mass immediately passes beyond the base. • So they’re not stable and it’s easy to fall these objects over.

  14. Neutral equilibrium • The objects that are in neutral equilibrium stay where they’re lefted. • When moved, it changes the position. • Wherever they stay, their center of mass is always over their base.

  15. References • Complete Physics for IGCSE • http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?doctype=3&filename=RotaryMotion_CenterMass.xml • http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/equilibrium • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass • http://eteach.engr.wisc.edu/meibom/espp/slides/espp.ppt • http://solar.njit.edu/~cdenker/physics111_lecture08.ppt

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