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Learn how to use present and past tenses in English, with examples and rules for simple, continuous, and progressive forms. Understand when to use stative and dynamic verbs correctly. Helpful for English learners.
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UASF – INGLES 2 SEGUNDO PERIODO • PRESENT SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS • PAST SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS
Present tense: 'I work he works • Permanent truths: Summer follows spring • 'The present period' (= 'this is the situation at present'): My sister works in a bank. • Habitual actions: I get up at 7. 1 sometimes stay up till midnight.
Stative and dynamic verbs • We call a few verbs like love stative because they refer to 'states'. A state has no beginning • and no end. We don't 'control' it, so we don't normally use stative verbs in progressive tenses: • She loves her baby more than anything. (Not 'is loving')
Stative and dynamic verbs • Most verbs in English are dynamic. We can use them in two ways: • - in the simple present tense to describe habits, etc. I often make cakes. • - in the present progressive to describe deliberate actions in progress [> 9.281: • I'm making a cake. • There are five groups of stative verbs referring to: a feelings (like, love, etc.); • b thinkinglbelieving (think, understand, etc.) c wants (want, prefer, etc.) • d perception (hear, see, etc. [> 11.281) e beinglhavinglowning (appear, seem, belong, etc
The simple present and present progressive tense • We add -ing to most verbs, without changing the base form: wait/waiting: Wait for me. -, I am waiting for you. • If a verb ends in -e, omit the -e and add -ing: use/using: • Use a broom. -, I am using a broom. • A single vowel followed by a single consonant doubles the final consonant: sivsitting: • Sit down. -, I am sitting down. • We double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is stressed: • Begin/beginning. Compare the unstressed final syllable: 'differ/'differing: • Begin work. -, I am beginning work.
Uses of the present progressive tense: 'I am working/he is working' • There are four basic uses of the present progressive tense. We use it for: • Actions in progress at the moment of speaking: He's working at the moment. • Temporary situationslactions, not necessarily in progress at the moment of speaking: • My daughter is studying English at Durham University. • Planned actions (+ future adverbial reference): We're spending next winter in Australia.
Past simple • Regular verbs always end with a -din the simple past, but we do not always pronounce the -d • ending in the same way. We usually add -edto the base form of the verb: • I play - I played, I open - I opened. We do not pronounce -ed as an extra syllable. • We use the simple past to talk about events, actions or situations which happened in the past • and are now finished. We always have to say (or imply) when the action happened, so we often • use time references like yesterday, ago, last summer
Past continuous • Temporary actions in progress in the past: I was living abroad in 1987. • We often use all to emphasize continuity (all day, all summer): It was raining all night. • Actions which were in progress when something else happened: • Just aswhen I was leaving, the phone rang. • These are often introduced by conjunctions like when, as, just as and while, but the shorter • action can be introduced by when: We were having supper when the phone rang. • Actions in progress at the same time: While I was reading, Joan was playing the piano. • Repeated actions with e.g. always: When I worked here, I was always making mistakes.
