ZIGBEE Compared to BLUETOOTH

1. ZIGBEE Compared to BLUETOOTH By, KarthikReddy kotha 910-02-0670

2. Presentation Outline • What ZigBee is • What ZigBee does • How ZigBee works • Bluetooth. • Differences and similarities between Zigbee and Bluetooth. • how to make them coexist. ZigBee

3. What is ZigBee? • ZigBee is a standard wireless network protocol designed for low data rate control networks. • It is layered on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and provides a standard methodology for functions, including network formation, messaging and device discovery. • for the unique needs of remote monitoring and control applications, including simplicity, reliability, low-cost and low-power. ZigBee

4. Zigbee characteristics • 2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz • The number of channels allotted to each frequency band is fixed at 16 channels in the 2.45 GHz band, 10 channels in the 915 MHz band, and 1 channel in the 868 MHz band. • Maximum data 250 kbps @2.4 GHz, 40 kbps @ 915 MHz, and 20 kbps @868 MHz. • Allocation of guaranteed time slots (GTSs). • Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) channel access Yields high throughput and low latency for low duty cycle devices like sensors and controls. • Low power consumption with battery life ranging from months to years. Energy detection (ED).Link quality indication (LQI).

5. CHANNELS

6. What Does ZigBee Do? • Designed for wireless controls and sensors • Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks • Connectivity between small packet devices • Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc. ZigBee

7. ARCHITECTURE ZigBee Application layer ZigBee Network layer 802.15.4 MAC 802.15.4 PHY E 802.15.4 PHY 868/915 Mhz

8. Physical (PHY) layer: • The PHY service enables the transmission and reception of PHY protocol data units(PPDU) across the physical radio channel.The features of the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY physical layer are Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver, energy detection (ED), Link quality indication (LQI), channel selection, clear channel assessment (CCA) and transmitting as well as receiving packets across the physical medium.  Media access control (MAC) layer: • The MAC service enables the transmission and reception of MAC protocol data units (MPDU) across the PHY data service. The features of MAC sub layer are beacon management, channel access, GTS management, frame validation, acknowledged framedelivery, association and disassociation.

9. How ZigBee Works • Topology • Star • Cluster Tree • Mesh ZigBee

10. How ZigBee Works • States of operation • Active • Sleep • Devices • Full Function Devices (FFD’s) • Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s) ZigBee

11. STAR TOPOLOGY

12. CLUSTER NETWORKS

13. Zigbee mesh network s

14. Research in ZigBee is being conducted in different fields: • Wireless and sensor networks. • Wireless communications. • Neuro-engineering. ZigBee

15. ZIGBEE Coexistence with other standards • Relatively wideband interference, such as that generated by IEEE 802.11b networks • Impact of interference from Bluetooth (802.15.1) devices should be minimal.

16. Bluetooth • Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) to 2.4835 GHz . • Bluetooth employs frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology for all transmissions. • FHSS reduces interference and transmission errors and provides a limited level of transmission security.

17. Bluetooth architecture • Bluetooth permits devices to establish either ad hoc or infrastructure networks. • Ad hoc networks provide easy connection establishment between mobile devices in the same physical area (e.g., the same room) without the use of any infrastructure devices. A Bluetooth client is simply a device with a Bluetooth radio and software incorporating the Bluetooth protocol stack and interfaces.

18. Bluetooth Ad Hoc Topology

19. Bluetooth Networks (Multiple Scatternets)

20. Coexistence components • 1. Channel estimation • 2. MAC layer protocol behavior • 3. Channel selection • 4. Modulation • 5. Protocol collaboration

21. -> Channel estimation:- 1 .Received Signal Strength Indication 2. Carrier Sense 3. Packet Error Rate 4. Packet Acknowledgment

22. ->MAC Layer Protocol Behavior: 1. Bluetooth packet size selection 2. Backoff and scheduling. -> Channel Selection: Channels may be dynamically selected based on the channel status – IEEE 802.11b DSSS selects a center channel – Zigbee dynamically selects a channel at initialization and during normal Operation. – Bluetooth may reduce its hopping set in response to channel assessment information.

23. -> Modulation: • Spread spectrum techniques – a transmission bandwidth that is several orders of magnitude greater than the minimum required signal bandwidth so that many users can simultaneously use the same bandwidth. – Pseudorandom signal with noise-like properties – Inherent interference rejection capability – Elimination of narrowband interference – Resistance to multipath fading due to frequency diversity. -> Protocol Collaboration: Collaborative methods rely on communication between different protocols at a specific protocol layer in order to achieve coexistence – Protocols implemented on the same physical device can be collaborative – Multi-radio and “cognitive radio” technologies

24. Differences between Zigbee and Bluetooth Typical network join timeBluetooth: 3 secondsZigBee: 30 milliseconds

25. similarities • Bluetooth and ZigBee have much in common. Both are types of IEEE 802.15 "wireless personal-area networks," or WPANs. Both run in the 2.4-GHz unlicensed frequency band, and both use small form factors and low power. • Bluetooth and Zigbee eliminates cabling between electronic products and accessories . • They use spread spectrum modulation techniques. •   They are both short range devices .

26. ZigBee’s Future ZigBee

27. CONCLUSION The ZigBee Standard enables the broad-based deployment of reliable wireless networks with low complexity, low cost solutions and provides the ability for a product to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries. The mission of the ZigBee Working Group is to bring about the existence of a broad range of interoperable consumer devices by establishing open industry specifications for unlicensed, control and entertainment devices requiring the lowest cost and lowest power consumption communications between compliant devices anywhere in and around the home.

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