River Features

1. River Features

2. Downstream V • Surface signs of current running through an obstacle • Downstream V marks deeper water

3. Eddy • An eddy is a place in the river immediately downstream of an obstacle such as a rock or stump, into which the current flows from below an obstacle, forming a pocket of upstream current.

4. Eddy Line • The line formed between the downstream current and the upstream current of an eddy. • If the opposing currents are strong enough they could potentially create a bulge in the water. This bulge is referred to as a “fence.”

5. Gradient • Gradient refers to the steepness of a rivers descent. • Gradient is generally measured in feet per mile.

6. Hole A low spot in the river where water pours back upstream to fill it. They usually appear behind pour over rocks & ledges.

7. Pillow • An upwelling if water on the upstream side of a rock or bank which can possibly deflect a boat around an obstacle.

8. River Left/River Right • Describes position on the river as you look downstream. • Downstream is ALWAYS the frame of reference. LEFT RIGHT

9. Strainer • An obstacle, usually a fallen tree or limbs that rests in the water with part of the obstacle under the surface. • The current can pull things down and through the obstacle and can be very hazardous.

10. Sweeper • Riverside feature that has fallen out over the current extending downward toward the water. • This feature has the potential to “sweep” paddlers out of their boat if they attempt to pass through Branches over water= sweeper

11. Wave • A place where the water rises up due to boulders or other features under the surface of the water.

12. Swirlies-A whirling or eddying motion of water: a swirl of white water. These can cause paddlers to flip out of their boats.

13. Surfing!