Prof. Silvia Giannini Dipartimento di Scienze economiche silvia.giannini@unibo.it

1. Tassazione internazionale Programma e introduzioneCorso di Laurea magistrale in Economia e professione – CLAMEP12 crediti – 80 orea.a. 2010-2011(primo semestre) Prof. Silvia GianniniDipartimento di Scienze economiche silvia.giannini@unibo.it

2. Tassazione internazionale PARTE ICorso di Laurea magistrale in Economia e professione – CLAMEP8 crediti Primo subciclo primo semestre a.a.2010-201127.9.2010 – 6.11.2010 Prof. Silvia GianniniDipartimento di Scienze economiche silvia.giannini@unibo.it

3. Tassazione internazionale PARTE IICorso di Laurea magistrale in Economia e professione – CLAMEPEconomia della tassazione societariaCorso di laurea magistrale in Economia e Diritto – Clamed4 crediti Secondo subciclo primo semestre a.a.2010-201115.11.2010 – 18.12.2010 Prof. Silvia GianniniDipartimento di Scienze economiche silvia.giannini@unibo.it

4. Obiettivo del corso:conoscenze e abilità da conseguire • Al termine del corso, mi aspetto che: • conosciate le principali caratteristiche della tassazione, la sua struttura e la sua evoluzione, in ambito comunitario e internazionale; • abbiate acquisito una buona conoscenza dei principi e degli effetti economici della tassazione, con particolare riguardo alla tassazione delle imprese e dei redditi di capitale, in un contesto internazionale; • siate in grado di valutare gli effetti economici sia del regime vigente sia delle più recenti riforme approvate o in discussione, in Italia o in altri paesi • conosciate e sappiate valutare le principali iniziative di policy in ambito comunitario e internazionale.

5. Argomenti del programma • Introduzione e richiamo ai principi di tassazione internazionale. • La struttura e l’evoluzione dei sistemi tributari: analisi comparata • Confronto fra diversi indicatori: • aliquote implicite • aliquote effettive • cuneo sul lavoro • cuneo sul capitale • …..

6. Argomenti del programma • Un modello di concorrenza fiscale • Evasione ed elusione internazionale • I paradisi fiscali: sono un bene o un male? • Le politiche UE e OECD di contrasto alla concorrenza fiscale “dannosa” • La tassazione transfrontaliera dei redditi di capitale: principi di tassazione e criteri di neutralità (CEN, CIN) • Concorrenza e armonizzazione nella tassazione dei redditi di capitale: aspetti teorici e analisi della direttiva sul risparmio e dei primi anni di applicazione

7. Argomenti del programma • Aspetti internazionali della tassazione societaria principi di tassazione e criteri di neutralità (CEN, CIN, CON, NON, …) • la tassazione delle multinazionali: il separate accounting • il dibattito comunitario e la direttiva madri figlie (1990) • evoluzione • Proposte di coordinamento in ambito comunitario • La CCCTB • Modelli alternativi di tassazione (ACE, CBIT, DIT…) • Aspetti internazionali della tassazione societaria in Italia • Norme antielusive

8. Argomenti del programma • La crisi e la struttura dei sistemi tributari • La tassazione internazionale degli scambi • L’iva comunitaria • Le frodi comunitarie

9. Testi di riferimento • Conoscenze di base in Scienza delle finanze: • P. Bosi, a cura di , Corso di Scienza delle finanze, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2010, capitolo 3). • P. Bosi, M.C. Guerra, I tributi nell'economia italiana, Bologna Il Mulino, ultima edizione (2010) • Reading list per argomenti (al termine di ogni lezione)

10. Testi di riferimento A. J. Auerbach, M.P. Devereux e H Simpson, Taxing corporate income, DIMENSIONS OF TAX DESIGN, The Mirrlees Review, Chair SIR JAMES MIRRLEES, IFS, 2010, http://www.ifs.org.uk/mirrleesreview/dimensions/ch9.pdf R. Griffith, J. Hines e P.B.Sorensen, International capital taxation, DIMENSIONS OF TAX DESIGN, The Mirrlees Review, Chair SIR JAMES MIRRLEES, IFS, 2010, http://www.ifs.org.uk/mirrleesreview/dimensions/ch10.pdf P.B.Sorensen, Can Capital Income Taxes Survive? And Should They? CESifo Economic Studies, vol.53, 2/2007 P.B.Sorensen, Company Tax Reform in the European Union, International Tax and Public Finance, 11, 2004 OECD, Fundamental reform of corporate income tax, OECD Tax policy studies, n.16, 2007 M. C. Guerra, Materiali del corso di Tassazione delle attività finanziarie, www.unimore.it (facoltà, persone, Guerra Maria Cecilia) Letture integrative e altro materiale didattico verranno indicati durante lo svolgimento del corso e al termine delle slide che illustrano la traccia delle lezioni. Le slide e altro materiale didattico sono di volta in volta resi disponibili nel sito web del docente

11. Orari lezioni (primo subciclo, primo semestre): Lunedì 10-13 Martedì 13 -16 Giovedì 16-18 (non sempre…) Venerdì 14-16 Prova d’esame: • esame scritto (3/4 domande aperte in un’ora e mezzo/due ore) + eventuale integrazione orale. • possibile prova intermedia a Novembre (frequentanti) • appello ufficiale a dicembre Ricevimento: Martedì 11,00-13,00 (Facoltà di economia, Piazza Scaravilli 2, II piano). Controllare eventuali avvisi in rete E-mail: silvia.giannini@unibo.it Comunicazioni e slide sul sito del docente

12. Introduzione alla tassazione internazionale • La tassazione internazionale si riferisce solitamente al trattamento fiscale di transazioni che avvengono fra paesi diversi • redditi derivanti da impiego di fattori produttivi (L e K) in altri paesi • scambi di beni e servizi • In entrambi i casi ci può essere problema di doppia (o anche tripla) imposizione ma anche di non tassazione • problemi di equità (elusione, evasione; equità orizzontale e verticale) • problemi di ripartizione del gettito • problemi di efficienza/concorrenza fiscale (esternalità negativa) • problemi amministrativi/accertamento e costi di tax compliance

13. Imposte dirette: redditi di lavoro, capitale e impresa • Principio difonte • Principio diresidenza • Principimisto: tassazioneallafonte e/o eventualiritentute + tassazioneallaresidenza, con credito • Trattatibilaterali “… tax treaties grew out of recommendations by the League of Nations in 1927 as a way to reduce double and zero taxation, and to reduce withholding taxes. They also serve the purpose of stimulating international investment and structuring cooperation among different national taxing authorities. ‘Model’ tax treaties were developed by the OECD in 1963 and the UN in 1979. The OECD issued its most recent model treaty in 1994. These model treaties are meant to serve as general guidelines” Timothy J. Goodspeed and Ann Dryden Witte, "International Taxation," Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, p. 259. www.Encyclo.findlaw.com/6080book.pdf http://www.oecd.org/department/0,3355,en_2649_33747_1_1_1_1_1,00.html Interview with Jeffrey OWENS, Director of the OECD Centre for Tax Policy & Administration. http://client.viewontv.com/oecd/080908_tax-convention/

14. OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capitalhttp://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/fulltext/2310081e.pdf?expires=1285447510&id=0000&accname=ocid195206&checksum=507025129111A5184FE3E899D6411C15 1. International juridical double taxation can be generally defined as the imposition of comparable taxes in two (or more) States on the same taxpayer in respect of the same subject matter and for identical periods. Its harmful effects on the exchange of goods and services and movements of capital, technology and persons are so well known that it is scarcely necessary to stress the importance of removing the obstacles that double taxation presents to the development of economic relations between countries. 2. It has long been recognised among the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development that it is desirable to clarify, standardise, and confirm the fiscal situation of taxpayers who are engaged in commercial, industrial, financial, or any other activities in other countries through the application by all countries of common solutions to identical cases of double taxation. 3. This is the main purpose of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, which provides a means of settling on a uniform basis the most common problems that arise in the field of international juridical double taxation. As recommended by the Council of the OECD,1 member countries, when concluding or revising bilateral conventions, should conform to this Model Convention …..

15. 12.Since 1963, the OECD Model Convention has had wide repercussions on the negotiation, application, and interpretation of tax conventions. 13. First, OECD member countries have largely conformed to the Model Convention when concluding or revising bilateral conventions…. 14. Second, the impact of the Model Convention has extended far beyond the OECD area. … 16. In both the 1963 Draft Convention and the 1977 Model Convention, the title of the Model Convention included a reference to the elimination of double taxation. In recognition of the fact that the Model Convention does not deal exclusively with the elimination of double taxation but also addresses other issues, such as the prevention of tax evasion and non-discrimination, it was subsequently decided to use a shorter title which did not include this reference. This change has been made both on the cover page of this publication and in the Model Convention itself.

16. 18. The Convention applies to all persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States (Article 1). It deals with taxes on income and on capital, which are described in a general way in Article 2. In Chapter II, some terms used in more than one Article of the Convention are defined. Other terms such as “dividends”, “interest”, “royalties” and “immovable property” are defined in the Articles that deal with these matters. …. 28. For each Article in the Convention, there is a detailed Commentary that is intended to illustrate or interpret its provisions. 29. As the Commentaries have been drafted and agreed upon by the experts appointed to the Committee on Fiscal Affairs by the Governments of member countries, they are of special importance in the development of international fiscal law. Although the Commentaries are not designed to be annexed in any manner to the conventions signed by member countries, which unlike the Model are legally binding international instruments, they can nevertheless be of great assistance in the application and interpretation of the conventions and, in particular, in the settlement of any disputes.

17. ….. 37.When preparing the 1963 Draft Convention and the 1977 Model Convention, the Committee on Fiscal Affairs considered whether the conclusion of a multilateral tax convention would be feasible and came to the conclusion that this would meet with great difficulties. It recognised, however, that it might be possible for certain groups of member countries to study the possibility of concluding such a convention among themselves on the basis of the Model Convention, subject to certain adaptations they might consider necessary to suit their particular purposes. 38. The Nordic Convention on Income and Capital entered into by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, which was concluded in 1983 and replaced in 1987, 1989 and 1996,1 provides a practical example of such a multilateral convention between a group of member countries and follows closely the provisions of the Model Convention. … 41. The Committee on Fiscal Affairs continues to examine both the improper use of tax conventions and international tax evasion. The problem is referred to in the Commentaries on several Articles. In particular, Article 26, as clarified in the Commentary, enables States to exchange information to combat these abuses.

18. Imposte indirette: beni e servizi • Principio diorigine • Principio didestinazione • “International trade agreements have set rules for indirect taxation so that taxes cannot be used to favor domestically produced goods. Under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) indirect taxes can be imposed on import and rebated on export. This is consistent with the destination system of indirect taxation.” Timothy J. Goodspeed and Ann Dryden Witte, "International Taxation," Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, p. 259. www.Encyclo.findlaw.com/6080book.pdf • UE: Regime transitorio Iva

19. Testi di riferimento P. Bosi e M.C. Guerra, I tributi nell’economia italiana, Il Mulino, 2010 Letture: Timothy J. Goodspeed and Ann Dryden Witte, "International Taxation," Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, p. 259. www.Encyclo.findlaw.com/6080book.pdf OECD, Model Tax convention on income and capital, luglio 2010 http://www.oecd.org/document/34/0,3343,en_2649_33747_45876194_1_1_1_1,00.html