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SPED 985/Knowlton

SPED 985/Knowlton. Data Analysis How are data drawn from inquiry phases are organized and interpreted?. Two hard pills to swallow:.

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SPED 985/Knowlton

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  1. SPED 985/Knowlton Data Analysis How are data drawn from inquiry phases are organized and interpreted?

  2. Two hard pills to swallow: Naturalistic methods depend prominently on the human instrument who, infinitely adaptable though utterly biased, develops dynamic, “working” hypotheses derived from the interplay between her or his tacit knowledge and the propositional knowledge she or he is constructing from interviews and document analyses. (see Lincoln & Guba, 1985, p.188)

  3. Explicit (Propositional) Can be shared interpersonally (Polyani, 1967; Stake, 1978) Overt representation in terms of words & symbols Implicit (Tacit) All that is remembered minus that which is remembered via words & symbols (Polyani, 1967; Stake, 1978) Translatable (Polyani, 1967) versus ineffable (Tsoukas, 2003) “Blink” CONSTRUCTED KNOWLEDGE …

  4. Preparing for Phase 1 (or Site Visit 1) of the study: • Why are we doing this study? • Break into teams, appoint team leaders • Identify people to interview (respondents) • Develop a grand tour blue print for Phase 1 • Examine pros/cons of audio and video recording of interviews • Obtain consents to be interviewed • Schedule & conduct interviews

  5. Individual analysis • Have a beer • Clean & unitize Phase 1 field notes with tentative categories Unitize and code 3x5 cards Unit = single piece of information that is interpretable without the need for additional information.  Code = Phase/site/role/agency/interviewer/field note page # & field note unit letter, e.g. 1/JRP/SPED D/Lawr Sch Dstr/JF,JK/1A

  6. Individual analysis, cont. • Tentatively categorize 3x5 cards (2 to 4 levels) • Develop rules of inclusion for each card category, i.e. why here but not there, or why cross-referenced • List salient issues, themes, and working hypotheses (constructions) • List respondents to pursue in Phase 2 • List interviewees and documents (source/date noted)

  7. Team analysis • Discuss Phase 1 interviews in light of salient, compelling data from individual analyses • Develop integrated Ph 1 category outline (IA1a, or 1.1.2.3) • All cards are appropriately placed within these categories • Identify needed extending (adding to, enlightening), bridging (connecting between & among interview data/documents), and surfacing (bringing underlying issues to light, turning what was tacit into working hypotheses).

  8. Team analysis, cont. • Develop list of salient issues/themes to pursue during Ph 2 • List Ph 2 interviewees and documents • Develop protocols for each Ph 2 interview • Assign Ph 2 interview/observation/document gathering for each team member • List & number documents collected before & during Ph 1

  9. Transition to Phase 2 (Developing Phase 2 Protocols) Macro-perspective: Given your issues and themes (and thus the story line that's beginning to emerge), where are the holes? That is, what do you need to know to complete your understanding of the story and its salient issues? Given your answers to these questions, from whom (interviews) or what (observations and documents) will you get the needed information?

  10. Transition to Phase 2 (Developing Phase 2 Protocols) Micro-perspective: Given the logic of each card category, what's missing? That is, using extension, bridging, surfacing processes, what information do you need to gather to complete your understanding of each category? What needs to be further explored and expanded? What can be connected? What needs to be fleshed out? Given your answers to these questions, from whom (interviews) or what (observations and documents) will you get the needed information?

  11. Transition to Phase 2 (Developing Phase 2 Protocols) Triangulation: Not all of the information to be collected is to find out something you don't know. You must also collect material to triangulate (cross check from multiple sources) the information you already have. So, given what you do know about the salient issues, what information do you need to verify facts, propositions, assertions, and the interpretation of all of these? Build triangulation items into your Ph 2 interview protocols and let it partially guide your search for documents.

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