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定冠词与零冠词. 定冠词 the 的用法. 1. 特指某 ( 些 ) 人或某 ( 些 ) 事物. The book on the desk is mine. She is the girl who won the prize. 2. 指上文已出现过或者说话者刚才谈及的人或事物. An old man lived in a small house near a forest. One day the old man left the house and went into the forest to gather wood.
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定冠词the的用法 1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物 The book on the desk is mine. She is the girl who won the prize. 2. 指上文已出现过或者说话者刚才谈及的人或事物 An old man lived in a small house near a forest. One day the old man left the house and went into the forest to gather wood. 3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物 The sun is bigger than the moon. 4. 用于单数可数名词或形容词前,表示一类人或事物的整体. Take care of the wounded and the dying.(救死扶伤)
5. 可以和某些集合名词连用,表示整个民族、阶级、阶层等 The English have a wonderful sense of humor. The Chinese people are the greatest in the world. 6. 船只, 旅馆, 剧院, 建筑 以及某些著作, 乐曲,报刊等的 名词前常加定冠词 The People's Daily is read through out the whole nation. 7. 用于讲,河,海洋,山脉,群岛,海峡,海湾等专有名称前 the Yellow River, the English channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Indian Ocean, the Philippines 8.用于姓的复数前, 指全家或全家一些人 the Zhangs, the Smiths, the Whites.
9. 由普通名词构成的专有名词(某些国名,政治组织, 机构,学校,建筑,报刊杂志等)很多要加定冠词. 1)某些国名及政治组织名称 the United States, the United Nations, the House of Commons 2)某些学校、机构及建筑等名称： the British Museum, the Midland Bank 3)某些报刊杂志的名称 the New Times, the Washington Post, the Daily News
零冠词的用法 1.一些专有名词前如国名,人名前通常不用定冠词: England, Mary, China 2.泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不 用定冠词 Women live longer than men in most countries. They are teachers. 3.抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词 Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 Life is short, art is long. 生命短暂,而艺术长存.
4.物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当4.物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当 表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词； Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。 You can’t mix oil with water.你不要把油和水混合. 5.在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示 时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 Leaves turn yellow in Autumn. 6.在称呼,身份,职业,或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. Now he is manager of a bank.
7.在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词7.在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 What would you like for breakfast, sir? 8.当by与火车,轮船,飞机等交通工具连用，表示一种方 式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train 9.有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词；如：school, college, prison, sea, market, hospital,bed, table, class, town, church, court, work, university 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义 go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病， 而是有其他目的) He has been in prison for five years.
10.在daybreak, dawn, noon, midnight, night, sunset, sunrise这类事件名词前都不加冠词. He used to wake up at daybreak everyday. 11.下面这类名词前通常不加冠词: 大多数街名, 广场名(Times Square),车站,机场,公园, 桥梁名(London Bridge),大学名(Yale University), 节日名(National Day, New Year’s Day),多数杂志名 (Time, Reader’s Digest), 12.很多情况下,是否要加冠词,常常是一个习惯用法问 题,特别是在一些固定的词组中,有时是说不出的道理 in town in the city 在城里 catch cold have a cold 感冒了 at a distance 在一定距离外in the distance 在远处
Grammar 2 – 1.Discussion 定冠词用于特指某（些）人或某（些）物。 Conclusion: the world, the universe, the sun, the moon the Internet the United States, the Great Wall, the White House the panda the young, the old, the wounded
Grammar 2 – 2.Zero articles(4m) Asia, Europe, Oceania, America, Antarctica China, Argentina, Australia, India, France (exceptions: the Netherlands, the Lebanon Snow is cold. Guns are dangerous.
Grammar 2 – 3.Conclusion(4m) Asia, China, London, David, Class Four, Miss Smith Fish can’t live without water. Gold is expensive. Knowledge is power. Wisdom is better than strength. Everyone agrees that computers are very important.
Grammar 2 – 4.Practice (5m)Work in pairs. Do exercises 3 and 4. 3. ANSWER 4. ANSWER • the • / • the • / • The, / • a • a • the • a • a
Homework Task: Collect names of different organizations or companies on the street. Pay attention to the usage of article or zero article.
