Temperature, Heat, and Laws of Thermodynamics

1. Temperature, Heat, and Laws of Thermodynamics

2. Kinetic Energy Tie In • There were _______ main types of kinetic energy that we went over. • __________ KE • __________ KE • __________ KE • __________ KE

3. _________ KE is when an object is moving forward. • _________ KE is when an object is spinning. • _________ KE is when the parts of something are moving together. • _________ KE is when an object is moving in a repetitive back and forth motion, like _______.

4. __________ and ________ KE happen on a _________ scale. • The ______ object moves from point A to point B. We covered most of that in the first half of the unit. • _________ KE happens on a smaller scale. • _________ KE happens mostly on a microscopic or molecular level.

5. We’ll mostly be looking at _______ KE for the rest of the unit. • ___________ is the measure of average kinetic energy of matter.

6. Temperature • We can say _________ is a measure of an object’s _______ or _______. • It is ______ a measure of heat. But it can be used as an indicator of heat or internal energy.

7. The ________ the molecules are vibrating and moving, the ________ the object feels. • This gives it a ________ temperature. • The ________ the molecules are vibrating and moving, the _______ the object feels. • This gives it a ________ temperature. • TL;DR – The _________ the _________ are moving, the _________ the temperature.

9. Another factor for temperature is how ______ the molecules are together. • Think about what happens during a ______ or ______ drill here at the school, or in your _______ classrooms.

10. The _______ the molecules, the more they’ll ________ _______ each other. • That ________ molecular friction and makes the temperature _________. • The _______ _______ the molecules, the ______ they’ll _______. • That ________ molecular friction, and makes the temperature _________

11. States of Matter • ______ have the most KE. They move freely and randomly. • Because they have more space to move, these molecules move with 100% _________ KE. • ______ are in between ______ and _______. • ______ have the least KE. The molecules are crammed very close together. • ______ molecules move with 100% ________ KE.

13. Measuring Temperature • We measure temperature with _______ different scales • ____________ • ____________ • ____________

14. Fahrenheit • ºF is the __________ ________ unit for measuring temperature. • Began by filling the thermometer with _______. • ºF can be ________ or _________. • Freezing point of water: __________. • Boiling point of water: __________.

15. Celsius • ºC is the _______ unit of measuring temperature. • Based off of thermometers filled with _______. • ºC can be ________ or _________. • Freezing point of water: _________ • Boiling point of water: ________

16. Kelvin • K (NEVER ºK) is the _________ unit of measuring temperature. • K uses the same increments as ________. • K measures the _________ of the __________. • __________ ________ - no molecular vibration. This is 0 K. • ______ has ever hit absolute zero. Even the _______ of _______ has 2.3 K.

18. Conversions! • Celsius and Fahrenheit • Celsius to Kelvin

19. Heat • The ________ of internal energy from one object to another. • _________ be directly measured. • Indicates __________ _________. • Temperature going down? Losing energy = ______ in heat. • Temperature going up? Gaining energy = ______ in heat.

20. Internal Energy • Internal Energy = the energy within the _______ of the _______ in the object. • Examples: • Chemical PE that could be released during _______. • KE of individual _________ moving.

21. Heat and Energy Transfer • When objects interact, there are _______ types of heat transfer that can occur. • _____________ • _____________ • _____________

22. Conduction • Conduction – transfer of energy/heat by ________ or ________. • This energy passes through matter because of ________ to ________ vibration. • Most affective through __________.

23. Radiation • Transfer of energy from ________ passing through ______ or ________. • All ________ has energy. • We cannot see all forms of light. We can’t see gamma, x-ray, UV, infrared, microwave, or radiowaves.

24. Convection • Transfer of energy that happens in ________ ________. • Occurs in _______ and ________. • Warm air is ________ dense than cold air, and this makes the warm air _______. As it gives off energy, it becomes ______ dense and sinks. • Think about _________!

25. Insulators • Materials that _______ or _______ transfer of energy. • Examples! • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________

26. Conductors • Materials that _______ transfer energy easily. • Examples! • _________________________________________ • _________________________________________

27. Thermodynamic Equilibrium • If two or more objects are _________ and are the ________ temperature, the energy transfer between them is ________.

28. Laws of Thermodynamics • There are ____ laws of thermodynamics. • The laws explain ______ energy will move. They do not explain ______ the energy moves.

29. 0th Law of Thermodynamics • If ______ or more objects are in contact with each other and are the same temperature, they are at ____________ ______________.

30. 1st Law of Thermodynamics • When heat energy is ________ to matter, the total heat added to the matter ________ the internal energy of the matter minus the ______ it preformed.

31. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics • Energy moves _______ the energy gradient. So energy will move toward where there is _____ energy: i.e., ______ energy will move toward _______.

32. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics • _________ ________ is a real number. If anything is found at it, it will be a ________ ________ and will have NO energy transfer.

33. Entropy • A measure of ________ or ________ in molecules. • The more _________ something has, the _______ entropy it has.