1 / 95

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Geography. Not a River civilization Short swift rivers Only 20% of land suitable for farming Mountainous Both protects and isolates Greece Makes foreign invasion difficult Also limits travel and communication among city-states Long irregular coastline

yakov
Download Presentation

Ancient Greece

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Geography • Not a River civilization • Short swift rivers • Only 20% of land suitable for farming • Mountainous • Both protects and isolates Greece • Makes foreign invasion difficult • Also limits travel and communication among city-states • Long irregular coastline • No part of Greece more than 85 miles from the coast

  3. Greece • No single political system • Most oligarchies • City states– not a single country • Independent and competing • Constant conflict between Greek city states and others • Trade very important • Land is limited so always looking for ways to ease the overcrowding and gain raw materials • Colonies • Need for strong military but communication, transportation important

  4. Minoans • Early civilization on Island of Crete • Remains found around 1900 AD by Sir Arthur Evans • Palace • Located at Knossos • Labyrinth (maze) • Mural • Fun loving people • Dancers, sports and Bull leaping

  5. Legend of Minotaur • King Minos & Pasiphae • Receive a gift of a white bull from Poseidon • Minotaur • Half man, half bull • Every year Athens required to send 7 boys and 7 girls as tribute to King Minos • Theseus • Son of King Aegeus who vows to stop the tribute by killing the Minotaur • Ariadne the daughter of King Minos falls for Theseus and assists him in killing of the Minotaur by giving him a sword and a ball of twine • Kills the Minotaur

  6. Collapse • Minoan civilization will collapse • Mystery • Historians believe it may have been destroyed by • Tidal waves • invasion

  7. Mycenaean • Settle in Greece around 2000 BC • Warlike • Believed to invade the Minoan civilization • Adapted Minoan culture • Writing system • Most famous military exploit- Troy • 10 year seize • Told in Homer story of the Iliad and Odyssey

  8. Troy • Historians thought stories of Troy were totally fictional • 1870 Heinrich Schliemann claims to have found the ancient city in Turkey

  9. Dorians • Defeated the Mycenaeans • Less advanced • Historians call the next 300 years the Dark Ages • Lost skills- writing and crafts • Thousands of Greeks will flee to Ionia on Asia Minor

  10. Ionians • Will reintroduced culture, crafts and skills to Greece • Hellenic civilization will emerge

  11. Religion • Polytheism • 12 most important Gods live on Mount Olympus • Humanized their Gods • No animal forms- totally human • Behave like humans • Wanted Gods that they could bargain with • Did not Believe in life after Death

  12. Olympics • Held every 4 years to honor Zeus- Father of Gods • Sporting events • Men only- • Emphasis individual rather than team sports • Foot race, broad jump, discus throwing • Winners received wreaths of olive leaves

  13. Greek City States • Base political unit • Common characteristics • Small size • Polis- city and surrounding countryside • Small population • Public meeting place • Acropolis- • Fortified hill at center of city • Where temples to local gods stood • Agora • Public square • Political center of polis • Where merchants and artisans conducted business

  14. Political Structures • Monarchy • Ruled by a king • Hereditary • Some claim divine right • Practice in Mycenae

  15. Political Structures • Aristocracy • Stated ruled by nobility • Rule is hereditary and based on land ownership • Social status and wealth support ruler’s authority • Practice in Athens (594 BC)

  16. Political Structures • Oligarchy • Stated rule by a small group of citizens • Rule is based on wealth • Ruling group control by military • Practiced in Sparta

  17. Political Structures • Direct Democracy • State ruled by its citizens • Rule is based on citizenship • Majority rule decides vote • Practice in Athens (461 BC)

  18. Athens • Locate on Attica • 5miles from sea • Special port city of Piraeus • Name after God Athena • Parthenon

  19. Citizenship • Originally citizenship • only to men who father and maternal grandfather had been citizens • Had to have land • 507 B.C. Constitution • All free Athenians born men citizens • Regardless of class or land ownership

  20. Athenian government • All equal before the law • Freedom of Speech • Believed that all citizens were capable of holding public office • Jury system • Had between 201-1001 members • Majority rule • Large- hard to threaten or bribe that many members

  21. Ostracism • Athena system for removing bad politicians • Each year citizen write the name of undesirable politicians • If name appears 6,000 times- he could be exile

  22. Athenian Education • Education at Agora • Main textbook Iliad and Odyssey • Rhetoric • Art of public speaking

  23. Greek Golden Age • 500-350 BCE • Philosophy • Truth through rational thought and deliberate observation • Process not findings are the key • Many findings proved erroneous • Precedent • Seek knowledge for its own sake • Nature became focus • More orderly than gods • Truth through human examination not religious ritual • Laid the foundation for history, biology, political science and logic

  24. Socrates • Seek answers by asking questions • Socratic method • Skeptical about conventional methods of teaching • Convicted for corrupting youth • Committed suicide

  25. Plato • Athenian aristocrat who was taught by Socrates • Academy • Record teachings of Socrates • Republic • Prefer Spartan form of government over Democracy

  26. Aristotle • Student of Plato • Author of over 200 books • Help to develop the scientific method • Based on logic, observation and experimentation • Politics • Believed the ideal form of government was a balance of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy • Preferred the power to rest with middle class because they know how to command and to obey

  27. Architecture • Pillars • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian • Statutes • Accurate in anatomy

  28. Scientists • Euclid • Father of Geometry • Hippocrates • Father of medicine • Hippocratic oath • First to say that medicine is different from religion • Eratosthenes • Estimate the circumference of earth within 1% • Aristarchus • Sun larger than earth • Earth and planets revolve around the sun

  29. Historians • Herodotus • Father of History • Separate fact from legend • Check reliability of his sources • Thucydides • First scientific historian • Completely reject idea that gods played a part in human history • Not only recite facts but gave explanations

  30. Sparta • Located on Peloponnesus • Descendants of Dorians • Becomes a military state after Helots rebel • Helots- slaves • Lack natural barriers for protection • City did not have a wall • Like to boast they had a wall of men to protect the city

  31. Spartan Life • Revolves around the military • Infants examined at birth to determine health • Unhealthy infants left on hillside to died • Boys separated at age of 7 to start military training and will be in the military until the age of 60

  32. Spartan Government • Rule by two Kings • Had very little power • Ephors • 5 men who unlimited power to act as guardians of the state

  33. Sparta • Will lag behind other Greek city-states in economic development • Shun trade, philosophy, science and arts • Use iron bars instead of coins for currency • Will be exceptional at Olympics • Key players in defending Greece against invaders

  34. Persian Empire • Persia strongest military power in ancient world • Will want to extend its influence into Europe • Greek city states will cooperate with each other to stop the Persians

  35. Persian Wars • First Persian War • Ionia (Asia Minor) was revolting against Persian rule • Ionia ask for aid from Athens who agrees • After Ionia fails to win its independence, Persia decides Athens must be punished. • Never made it to Greece because of major storm destroying part of the Persian fleet

  36. Persian War • Second Persian War • Persian King decides on direct attack on Athens • Battle of Marathon • Persians greatly outnumber the Greek forces • Greeks trick the Persians and catch them off guard • Greeks win • Pheidippides runs 26 miles to tell of victory and then dies from exhaustion

  37. Persian War • Third Persian War • 10 years later Persian King Xerxes wants revenge • Invades Greece with extremely large army • Oracle – • person who speaks with the Gods • Stated that Greece would be safe behind a “wooden wall” • Athenian General Themistocles believed the wooden wall was a fleet of ships

  38. Third Persian War • To stall for time the Spartans try to delay the Persians at Thermopylae • Sparta-300 against Persian 7000 • Spartans held on for 3 days before they were betrayed by a Greek • Persian march toward Athens but will find the city deserted. • Themistocles pretend to be a traitor and told Persians that they could capture the Greeks at Salamis

  39. Third Persian War • Greek fleet smaller and more maneuverable in the narrow straits will destroy the Persian fleet as Xerxes looks on. • Final battle at Plataea • Athens now considered savior of Greece

  40. Delian League • Athens persuade other city states to join Delian league • Purpose to protect Greece • Sparta refuse to join • Many city-states become upset with Athens • Resent Athens domination • Athens spends funds on the Parthenon instead of ships

  41. Pericles • Leader of Athens during the Golden Age • 3 Goals for Athens • Stronger democracy • Athenian Empire • Glorifying Athens

  42. Peloponnesian War • Sparta vs. Athens • Neither side could win the victory • Athens will retreat behind their walls • 430 BC a plague will hit Athens wiping out 1/3 of their population • Sparta wins • Sparta will take over leadership of Greece but will be even worse than Athens • Leaves Greece open to outside invasion

  43. Philip II of Macedonia • Philip II • Had spent time in Greece as a hostage • Admire both Greek culture and military organization • Goal of unifying Greek city states under Macedonian rule • Demosthenes- an Athenian orator appeal for the Greeks to united and fight for liberty • Philip II conquers all of Greece except Sparta

  44. Alexander the Great • Inherits his father (Philip II) kingdom • Had been tutor by Aristotle • Understands the Greeks • Beginning of the Hellenistic Culture • Mixed the Greek culture with elements of Middle Eastern culture • Alexander will go on to conquer areas in Egypt, Persia and India • Creating the world’s largest empire

  45. Greece and Rome important because • Western Civilization as we know it today began with these two empires • Most important contributions were • Concept of representative government • Art, architecture, literature, science and philosophy

  46. Rome

  47. Geography • Center of Mediterranean Sea • Center of trade for 3 continents • Europe- Africa-Asia • Mountains and foothills cover ¾ of peninsula • Rivers short and shallow- forms swamps

  48. Etruscans • Rule between 900-500 BCE • Not able to decipher the writing • Art • Will greatly improve Rome • Drain marshland • Built with Brick • Establish the Forum • Center of Rome- seat of Government • Later Etruscans kings will be cruel • Resulting in a mistrust and hatred for the position of KIng

  49. Legend of Rome • Romulus and Remus • Virgil • 7 hills of Rome

  50. Patricians & Plebeians • Patricians • Wealthy aristocratic • 5% of population • Plebeians • Townspeople, landowners, merchants, shopkeepers farmers, laborers • 95% of Population • Both Patricians and Plebeians were citizens • Had right to vote • Responsibility of taxes, military service • But only Patricians could hold public office

More Related