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Understanding Stoichiometry: Converting Moles and Grams in Chemical Reactions

This guide explores the essential principles of stoichiometry, focusing on converting between grams and moles in chemical equations. We follow a logical path (grams of compound X to moles of X, to moles of Y, and finally to grams of Y) necessary for problem-solving in chemistry. Through real-world examples, like the reaction of ammonia with oxygen, we demonstrate how to determine quantities of reactants and products. Practice problems included to solidify understanding of these core concepts in stoichiometry.

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Understanding Stoichiometry: Converting Moles and Grams in Chemical Reactions

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  1. StoichiometryPart II

  2. Converting Past Mole-Mole • Many stoichiometry problems follow a pattern: grams(x)  moles(x)  moles(y) grams(y) • We can start anywhere along this path depending on the question we want to answer • Notice that we cannot directly convert from grams of one compound to grams of another. Instead we have to go through moles.

  3. Molar mass of x Molar mass of y Mole ratio from balanced equation Moving along the stoichiometry path • We always use the same type of information to make the jumps between steps: grams (x)  moles (x)  moles (y)  grams (y)

  4. 59 g H2O = 6 mol H2O 18.02 g H2O 4 mol NH3 1 mol H2O Stoichiometry Question (3) 4NH3 + 5O2 6H2O + 4NO • How many grams of H2O are produced if 2.2 mol of NH3 are combined with excess oxygen? # g H2O= 2.2 mol NH3

  5. 5 mol O2 32 g O2 = 8 g O2 6 mol H2O 1 mol O2 Stoichiometry Question (4) 4NH3 + 5O2 6H2O + 4NO • How many grams of O2 are required to produce 0.3 mol of H2O? # g O2= 0.3 mol H2O

  6. 4 mol NO 30.01 g NO 1 mol O2 x x x 5 mol O2 1 mol NO 32 g O2 = 9.0 g NO Stoichiometry Question (5) 4NH3 + 5O2 6H2O + 4NO • How many grams of NO is produced if 12 g of O2 is combined with excess ammonia? # g NO= 12 g O2

  7. Have we learned it yet? Try these on your own: Given: 4NH3 + 5O2 6H2O + 4NO b) what mass of NH3 is needed to make 0.75 mol NO? c) how many grams of NO can be made from 47 g of NH3?

  8. 4 mol NO 1 mol NH3 4 mol NH3 30.01 g NO 17.04 g NH3 13 g NH3 x x x x x = 4 mol NO 1 mol NO 1 mol NH3 17.04gNH3 4 mol NH3 = 83 g NO Answers 4NH3 + 5O2 6H2O + 4NO b) c) # g NH3= 0.75 mol NO # g NO= 47 g NH3

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