Indonesia Earthquake 27 May 2006 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Just-in-Time Lecture

www.pitt.edu/~super/

Indonesia Earthquake

27 May 2006

Ali Ardalan, Kuntoro

Mission Statement

The Global Disaster Health Network is designed to translate the best possible scholarly information to educators worldwide.

Mission Statement

The Global Disaster Health Network is designed to translate the best possible scholarly information to educators worldwide.

What are the Disaster Supercourse & JIT lecture?

.

What is the Disaster Supercourse?

What is a JIT lecture?

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1

Lecture objectives

To provide the best possible scientific

information about the Indonesia

earthquake, 27 May 2006

To teach how the science can help

Indonesian to be prepared for primary &

secondary prevention of consequences of

earthquake

Lecture objectives

In this lecture you will find:
How the vulnerability conditions can change

a natural hazard to a disaster?

What is the earthquake?

The shaking of earth caused by waves moving on and below the earth's surface and causing: surface faulting, tremors vibration, liquefaction, landslides, aftershocks and/or tsunamis.

How earthquake happens?

It caused by a sudden slip on a FAULT.
Stresses in the earth's

outer layer push sides of

fault together.

Stress builds up & rocks

slips suddenly, releasing

energy in waves that travel

through the earth's CRUST

& cause the shaking that we

Feel during an earthquake.

Earthquake Strength Measures

I) Magnitude & II) Intensity

I) Magnitude:

Definition:A measure of actual physical energy release at its source as estimated from instrumental observations.
Scale:Richter Scale

By Charles Richter, 1936
Open-ended scale
The oldest & most widely used

Noji 1997

Earthquake Strength Measures

I) Magnitude & II) Intensity

II) Intensity:

Definition:a measure of the felt or perceived effects of an earthquake rather than the strength of the earthquake itself.
Scale:Modified Mercalli (MM) scale

12-point scale, ranges from barely perceptible earthquakes at MM I to near total destruction at MM XII

Magnitude versus Intensity

Magnitude refers to the force of the earthquake as

a whole, while intensity refers to the effects of an

earthquake at a particular site.

An earthquake can have just one magnitude, while

intensity is usually strongest close to the epicenter

& is weaker the farther a site is from the epicenter.

The intensity of an earthquake is more germane to

its public health consequences than its magnitude.

Indonesia

Location: South eastern Asia
Extension: 1,913.000 Km2
Around 18.000 islands (70% unpopulated)
The world's largest archipelago!
Bicontinental country: Asia & Australia

Indonesia’s Health Statistics

Total population:222,781,000
GDP per capita (Intl $, 2004):3,840
Life expectancy at birth M/F (years2002):

65,0 / 68,0

Healthy life expectancy at birth M/F

(years, 2006):57,4 / 58,9

Indonesia’s Health Statistics

Child mortality M/F (per 1000): 41/36
Adult mortality M/F (per 1000): 239/200
Total health expenditure per capita

(Intl $, 2003): 113

Total health expenditure as % of GDP

(2003): 3,1

Indonesia Seismic Plates

Plates movement

6.0 cm per year in the West Java Trench
4.9 cm per year in the East Java Trench
10.7 cm per year in New Guinea

Earthquakes & active faults in

USGS

Seismic Hazard Map of Indonesia

Based on Expected Ground Acceleration

USGS

Significant earthquake in Indonesia

Significant earthquakes in Indonesia

http://www.eeri.org/lfe/indonesia.html

The Largest earthquake in Indonesia

The deadliest earthquake in Indonesia

The largest earthquake in Indonesia

Date: Sunday, December 26, 2004
Location: OFF THE WEST COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA
Magnitude: 9.0 on the Richter scale
Time: 00:58:53 (UTC)
Epicentre: 3.316°N, 95.854°E
Depth: 30 km (18.6 miles)
Death: >220,000

usgs.gov

Volcanic activities in Indonesia

Indonesia's volcanic activity is among the

Earth's highest!

The most famous: Krakatau (Krakatoa),

(between Sumatra

and Java)

Average Disaster Per Year in Indonesia,

1980-2000

UNDP

Average Killed per year by natural disasters in Indonesia, 1980-2000

UNDP

Comparison of Average Killed per year due to Earthquakes between Indonesia & other countries, 1980-2000

UNDP

Indonesia Earthquake, 27 May 2006

Time: 5/53/58 Local Time
Magnitude: 6.3 on Richter scale
Region: Java, Indonesia
Geolocation: 7.962°S, 110.458°E
Main Affected area:Yogyakarta , Java
Depth:10 km (6.2 miles)
Epicenter:37 km south of Yogyakarta

455 Km of Jakarta

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) province

People of DIY only were worry about the eruption of

Mount Merapi in the Northern part of City of Yogyakarta,

they had never thought about earthquake over hundred

years!

DIY has a special status in Republic of Indonesia,

although in the Province level, the governor is always

the descendant of the King, to honor the culture of

Kingdom.

Indonesia Earthquake:

Infrastructure Damage

Roads & Bridges: ~ 49 km
Destroyed Schools: 269
Government Buildings: 302
Religious Buildings:18,959
Local Markets: 9
Destroyed houses: 60,000

Damage Building and Housingin District of Klaten, Province of Central Java

Damage Housing in Province of DIY

Damage to Health Facilities

01 June 2006

Damage to Health Facilities

City of Yogyakarta of Province of DIY

6 Public Health Centers (PHC) & 1 Sub PHC were severely damaged
9 PHCs and 6 Sub PHCs were moderately damaged
3 PHCs and 4 Sub PHCs were mildly damaged.

District of Klaten of Province of Central Java

2 PHCs and 8 Sub PHCs were destroyed
7 PHCs and 25 Sub PHCs were severely damaged
5 PHCs and 20 Sub PHCs were mildly damaged rusak ringan

District of Bantul of Province of DIY

15 PHCs, 1 District Health Office, 30 Sub PHCs and 46 Houses of Officers were severely damaged
4 PHCs, 13 Sub PHCs and 21 Houses of Officers were moderately damaged
7 PHCs, 1 District General Hospital of Bantul, 13 PHCs and 4 Houses of Officers were mildly damaged.

Main Health Impacts

Death toll: 4,962 to 6,234
Injured: 33,852 to 57,790
Hospitalized patients:18,959
Displaced/homeless: 200,000- 600,000

Mortality distribution

31/05/2006

Health Needs & Concerns

Shelters & tents
Medical Assistance
Lacks of Medical Staff & services
Bed sheets, mattresses
Clean Water & Food
Disease surveillance system

Some key points in relief operation:

Emergency Health Information System
Importance of right kind of donations (based on
right needs assessment)
Incident Command System (ICS)
Inter and Intra sectoral Coordination

Public Health Consequences of Earthquakes

Pease see the following lectures:

Part I.

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec13021/index.htm

Part II.

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec13051/index.htm

Economical Damage

Only for covering the 6 months relief needs:

103,389,500 US$ (UN Flash Appeal)

How about the recovery & reconstruction of damaged infrastructures?

Indonesia Earthquake

Several decades of development wiped out

in seconds in Yogyakarta & Java

How many percent of Indonesia GDP has

been lost in the recent earthquake?

What do you think about spending this

money on prevention? And absolutely

without loosing the lives and injuries!

30 years continuous evolution in the practice of Crisis or Disaster Management

Civil defense
Emergency assistance
Disaster response and relief
Humanitarian assistance
Emergency management
Civil protection
Disaster mitigation and prevention
Disaster Risk Management

Strategic shift from managing a disastrous event to more preventive and proactive approaches!!

What is Disaster risk reduction (disaster reduction or DRR)?

The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development !

DRR Terminology: What is the Hazard?

A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.

DRR Terminology: What is the Vulnerability?

The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmentalfactors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
Vulnerable Yogyakarta , Java:

Unprepared people, society
Unprepared institutions
Non-resistant building
High-density population
etc.

What is Risk?

The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards & vulnerable conditions.
Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability

What is a Disaster ?

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

What is a Disaster?

A disaster is a function of the risk process.
It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.

Indonesian earthquake: Risk model

Maybe DIY & Java communities were not able to modify the hazard part of the earthquake risk model, and predict it precisely, BUT they could assess their vulnerability conditions and reduced them!
This has been the same experience in Bam & Kashmir!

Main Lesson Learned

So, an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale is not equal to a disaster. It is just movement of the earth crust. Our vulnerability has changed it to a disaster!!

Just-in-Time Education

Let’s teach the communities right now !

Risk awareness & Knowledge development including education, training, research and information are of the important fields of action for Disaster Risk Reduction!