红学文化与翻译

1. 红学文化与翻译 Redological Culture and Translation 主讲：金钏

2. 第二讲 交际翻译法与语义翻译法 Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation Pages full of idle word Penned with hot and bitter tears: All men call the author fool; None his secret message hears.

3. 第六讲 异化与归化 Dissimilation and Assimilation

4. Culture is diverse. So is language. Languages carry culture and are controlled by culture. Different countries and nations have different nature, environment, history, religion and ideology[.aidi'ɔlədʒi] etc. These differences are reflected by their language and culture. 文化和语言丰富多彩。语言是文化的载体，受文化的制约。不同的国家有不同的自然环境、历史、宗教以及意识形态等等，这些不同就不可避免反映到语言和文化当中。

5. Dissimilation Dissimilationand Assimilation 《译者的隐身》 1995年美国著名翻译家韦努蒂(Lawrence Venuti)在 ( The Translator’s Invisibility)中提出了异化法( Foreignizing method)与归化法(Domesticating method)两种翻译策略. Assimilation

6. Foreignizing method The foreignizing method denotes the conservation of significant amount of what is alien and unusual in the context of the target language (TL) but common, unique, distinctive or typical for the source culture or the source language (SL).

7. Domesticating method Domesticating method aims at maintaining elegance and intelligibility in the TL at the sacrifice in the form of the SL but without changing the main cultural message of the original.

8. Dissimilationand Assimilation Foreignizing method includes literal translation, literal translation with cultural information compensation and transliteration, while domesticating method consists of free translation and free translation with notes etc. 异化法包括直译、直译补偿法和音译法；归化法主要有意译法和意译加注等。

9. 例1 “因薛蟠是天性得陇望蜀的，如今娶了金桂，又见金桂的丫头宝蟾有三分姿色，举止轻浮可爱，便时常要茶要水的，故意撩逗她。” Now Hsue Pan was a living example of the saying ‘To cover the land of Shu after get the region of Lung.’ After marrying Chin-Kuei, he was stuck by her maid Pao-Chan’s charm. As she seemed approachable as well as alluring, he often flirted [flə:t] with her when asking her to fetch him tea or water. Dissimilationand Assimilation

10. Dissimilationand Assimilation 杨译:“Can this be another absurd maid come to bury flowers like Daiyu ?”he wondered in some amusement . “If so , she is ‘Dong Shi imitating Xi Shi’, which isn’t original but rather tiresome. ” 例2 　“难道这也是个痴丫头,又象颦儿来葬花不成?”因有自笑道:“若真也葬花,可谓‘东 施效颦’了;不但不为新奇,而且更是可厌。”(第三十回)

11. 成语“东施效颦”出自古书《庄子·天运》,里面说美女西施因心病而颦,街上有一丑女(后人取名“东施”) 见了,以为很美,回家以后也捧着胸口学西施皱眉头,结果弄巧成拙,显得丑上加丑。像这样典故性较强的成语在翻译时就必须有所表示,即要对典故作番介绍。杨译使用直译兼加注的办法:Xi Shi was a famous beauty in the ancient Kingdom of Yue. Dong Shi was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways ,有利于读者理解该成语的文化渊源。 Dissimilationand Assimilation

12. Dissimilationand Assimilation 奋力, 尽力 丑陋的 霍译:“Can this be some silly maid come here to bury flowers like Frowner ?”he wondered. He was reminded of Zhuang – zi’s story of the beautiful Xi–shi’s ugly neighbour, whose endeavour [in'devə] ________to imitate the little frown that made Xi-shi captivating produced an aspect so hideous['hidiəs] _________that people ran from her in terror. The recollection of it made him smile. “This is ‘imitating the Frowner’ with a vengeance['vendʒəns]__________ ,”he thought“, - if that is really what she is doing. Not merely unoriginal , but downright disgusting !” 报复, 报仇

13. Dissimilationand Assimilation 霍译则是在正文中加注引出典故情节,使之和具体情境完全融合,读者可以直接领会到典故所包含的全部意义。杨译采用归化译法而霍译采用异化译法来忠实准确地传递文化意象。

14. Dissimilationand Assimilation Translation purpose is one of the most important factors for the choice of translation strategies. Different methods and approaches are employed for different purposes. 翻译目的是影响翻译策略运用的重要因素,目的不同,手段、方法的选择便不同。

15. Dissimilationand Assimilation 杨宪益夫妇翻译《红楼梦》是受外文出版社的委托,其宗旨是向译语读者介绍中国的传统文化,对译者本人来说也认为应该让外国人了解中国丰富的文化遗产。而大卫·霍克斯基于要与译语读者分享书中乐趣的热切愿望,在翻译过程中,处处考虑如何使译语读者便于欣赏这部作品。

16. Dissimilationand Assimilation 宝玉听了是女子的声音。歌声未息，早见那边走出一个人来，蹁跹袅娜，端的与人不同。有赋为证： 方离柳坞，乍出花房。但行处，鸟惊庭树，将到时， 影度回廊。仙袂乍飘兮，闻麝兰之馥郁，荷衣欲动兮， 听环佩之铿锵。靥笑春桃兮，云堆翠髻，唇绽樱颗兮，榴齿含香。纤腰之楚楚兮，回风舞雪，珠翠之辉辉兮，满额鹅黄。出没花间兮，宜嗔宜喜，徘徊池上兮，若飞若扬。蛾眉颦笑兮，将言而未语，莲步乍移兮，待止而欲行。羡彼之良质兮，冰清玉润，羡彼之华服兮，闪灼文章。爱彼之貌容兮，香培玉琢，美彼之态度兮，凤翥(zhu)龙翔…（第五回）

17. Dissimilationand Assimilation And she bears herself like a phoenix ordragon in flight. 例3 　原文: 美彼之态度兮,凤翥龙翔 (第五回) 杨译: 霍译: And I admire her queenly gait, like stately dance of simurgh with his mate

18. Dissimilationand Assimilation 例3 　原文: 美彼之态度兮,凤翥龙翔 (第五回) “龙”是中国古代传说中的一种神异动物, 而“凤”是古代传说中百鸟之王,杨译文忠实于 原文的文化意象,将“龙”与“凤”分别译成了“dragon”与“phoenix”,向译语读者展示了龙与凤在中国传统文化中不可替代的作用。

19. Dissimilationand Assimilation 但在英语里, phoenix传说是一种长生鸟,活五六百年后,自焚为灰烬,然后从灰烬中复生,在英语中它有复活和再生之意。而dragon在西方的传说中是指一种身上有鳞, 口中吐火的大蜥蜴,在圣经故事里是邪恶的象征。两个完全不同的文化意象,霍译为帮助其读者正确理解原文,将这两个易使读者误解的词汇去掉,取而代之的是西方人较为熟悉的simurgh。

20. Dissimilationand Assimilation Simurgh ['saimə:g] 古代波斯艺术中一种传说的妖怪, 由许多不同动物的各部分肢体组合而成(在绘画以及陶瓷、地毯等工艺品中均有描绘)

21. Dissimilationand Assimilation 基于上述不同的翻译目的,两个文化背景截然不同的译者在对原文文化信息的微观处理上采用了不同的策略和方法。杨译本以原文文本为中心采用异化策略,忠实于原文,以期译文可以和原著一样具有永恒的艺术价值。而霍译本着眼于译入语的文化特色,以译入语的读者为中心采用了归化策略,努力为译文的读者除掉阅读和理解的障碍,把一切的陌生变为熟识,甚至不惜牺牲原文的一些文化色彩。

22. Dissimilationand Assimilation 例4　原文:怡红院 杨译: Happy Red Court 霍译: The House of Green Delights

23. 颜色对于不同民族的人而言,在视觉和心 理上所引发的联想和象征意义不尽相同,在中国传统文化中,红色意味着喜庆、吉祥、兴旺、欢乐、热情,丰富的内涵深受钟爱,大红灯笼、春节的红色春联、红双喜字,等等。杨译本忠实于原文及原文文化,保留了原文的“红”字。 Dissimilationand Assimilation

24. 而在西方文化中,红色则意味着流血、危险或暴力和死亡,绿色则具有类似中国“红”字的联想意义,快乐健康。因此霍译考虑其读者的文化背景,将原文中的“红”字处理成译语读者所熟悉的“绿”字,将原文的精神传达给了译语读者,虽然是貌不合但神却极相似。而在西方文化中,红色则意味着流血、危险或暴力和死亡,绿色则具有类似中国“红”字的联想意义,快乐健康。因此霍译考虑其读者的文化背景,将原文中的“红”字处理成译语读者所熟悉的“绿”字,将原文的精神传达给了译语读者,虽然是貌不合但神却极相似。 Dissimilationand Assimilation

25. 例5 　刘姥姥道:“这倒不然。谋事在人,成事在天。咱们谋到了,靠菩萨的保佑,有些机 会,也未可知。⋯⋯”(第六回) Dissimilationand Assimilation 杨译:“Don’t be so sure ,”said Granny Liu.“Man proposes , Heaven disposes. Work out a plan , trust to Buddha , and something may come of it for all you know. ”

26. 例5 　刘姥姥道:“这倒不然。谋事在人,成事在天。咱们谋到了,靠菩萨的保佑,有些机 会,也未可知。⋯⋯”(第六回) Dissimilationand Assimilation 霍译:“I wouldn’t say that ,”said Grannie Liu.“Man proposes ,God disposes. It’s up to us to think of something. We must leave it to the good Lord to decide whether He’ll help us or not .Who knows ,He might give us the opportunity we are looking for. ”

27. 例6 　从小儿三灾八难,花的银子照样打出你这个银人儿来了。(第四十五回) Dissimilationand Assimilation 杨译:You’ve had one trouble after another since you were a boy , and the money we’ve spent on you would make a silver statue bigger than you are.

28. 例6 　从小儿三灾八难,花的银子照样打出你这个银人儿来了。(第四十五回) Dissimilationand Assimilation 霍译: And the money they spent on you , nursing you through all the fevers and calamities of youth (for you were a sickly , ailing child) : it would have been enough to have made you anew out of silver !

29. “三灾八难”是佛教用语, 杨译“one trouble after another”,霍译“all the fevers and calamities of youth”均译出了“多灾多难”之意。杨先生采用异化译法,用地道的英语短语形象、生动地传达出了该成语的隐含意义。霍译将灾难具体化了,指小孩发烧、感冒之类常见病症,总体把握了此成语的思想内涵,使异语读者更易理解;而且霍译还插入了小孩体弱多病的原因,使理解更清晰透彻。 Dissimilationand Assimilation

30. 例7 　你难道没听见人说:嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗? (第八十一回) 杨译: Surely you know the saying“, Marry a cock and follow the cock ; marry a dog and follow the dog ?” Dissimilationand Assimilation

31. 例7 　你难道没听见人说:嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗? (第八十一回) 霍译:You must know the old rhyme : When rooster crows at break of day , All his hen folk must obey. No choice for a dog’s wife But to make the best of a dog’s life. Dissimilationand Assimilation

32. 例8 “巧媳妇做不出没米的饭来”,叫我怎么样呢? (第二十四回) 杨译: Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice. What do you expect me to do ? Dissimilationand Assimilation

33. 例8 “巧媳妇做不出没米的饭来”,叫我怎么样呢? (第二十四回) 霍译: I don’t see what I am supposed to do without any capital . Even the cleverest housewife can’t make bread without flour ! Dissimilationand Assimilation