八、公示语的翻译

1. 八、公示语的翻译

2. （一）什么是公示语？ • 公示语是指在公共场所向公众公示须知内容的语言，它包括标识、批示牌、路牌、标语、公告、警示等等。

3. 公示语范围非常广泛，在英语里没有一个与之相对应的统称。为了方便起见，我们不妨把“公示语”翻译成公示语范围非常广泛，在英语里没有一个与之相对应的统称。为了方便起见，我们不妨把“公示语”翻译成 • Environmental communication notices and signs

4. 在英语里有许多分类的公示语名称： • street signs, traffic signs, road signs, road markers, parking signs, school signs, no-smoking signs, construction signs … • 旅游场所的公示语当然也是公示语的一个重要方面。 • 食品、饮料、药品、化妆品等包装上的一般性的简单的使用说明也应该算作公示语。

5. （二）公示语的分类 • 就内容而言，可分为四类： • 1. 提示性（Information） • 2. 指示性（Instructions） • 3. 告示性（Notices） • 4. 警告性（Warnings）

6. 1. 提示性的informational notices: • OUT OF ORDER • NO VACANCIES • SOLD OUT • CYCLES FOR HIRE OR SALES • CLEARANCE SALES STARTS TODAY • NOTHING TO DECLARE

7. 2. 指示性的instructive / directive / guiding notices: • PLEASE QUEUE OTHER SIDE • KEEP RIGHT • DOGS MUST BE CARRIED • THESE SEATS ARE APPRECIATED BY THE OLD AND INFIRM

8. 3. 告示性的regulatory notices: • NO SMOKING • NO PARKING • NO EXIT • PLEASE DO NOT DISTURB • PLEASE DO NOT FEED THE ANIMALS • DO NOT LEAN OUT OF THE WINDOW • KEEP OFF THE GRASS • EXAMINATIONS IN PROGRESS • ADMISSION TO TICKET HOLDERS ONLY • SHOPLIFTERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

9. 4. 警告性warning notices: • MIND YOUR HEAD • MIND THE STEP • FRAGILE • BEWARE OF PICKPOCKETS • DANGER

10. 三、英语公示语的特点 • 语言简洁明了，正式规范。可用下面五个由字母C开头的单词来概括： • concise, conventional, consistent, conspicuous, convenient • 简洁、规范、统一、醒目、方便

11. 英语公示语的语体比较正式，如： • Offenders selling tobacco to minors will be fined. • 不准向未成年人销售香烟，违者罚款。 • We are authorized to demand proof of buyer’s age. • 本店有权要求购烟者提供年龄证明。

12. 下面这些例句显示了公示语和日常口语的对照：下面这些例句显示了公示语和日常口语的对照： • FEEDING ANIMALS STRICTLY PROHIBITED. • You are not allowed to feed the animal. • PENALTY FOR DROPPING LITRE ---- UP TO ￡100 FINE. • You can be taken to court and made to pay ￡100 for dropping rubbish.

13. NO THROUGH ROAD FOR MOTOR VEHECLES. • There is no way out at the other end of this road for cars. • CYCLISTS DISMOUNT HERE. • Cyclists should get off their bicycles here. • NO ADMISSION TO UNACCOMPANIED MINORS. • Young people under 18 years old can only come if they are with an adult.

14. 四、公示语的翻译 • 常采用三种不同的翻译方法： • Adapt:参照英语中类似的表达方式进行适当 的更改/模仿; • Borrow:借用英语中对应的表达方法; • Create:在前两种情况都不存在的情况下，按照英语的习惯和思路进行创译。 • 可以归纳为A-B-C模式，即“模仿-借用- 创新”模式。 • 一条原则：充分考虑英语的表达习惯

15. Ⅰ “请勿吸烟”和“严禁吸烟” • 可直接从下面现有的几种表达方法中加以选择： • NO SMOKING • NO SMOKING IN THIS ESTABLISHMENT / BUILDING • NO SMOKING EXCEPT IN DESIGNATED GUEST ROOMS • designated room / area 指定的吸烟区

16. 如要特别强调“严禁吸烟”还可这样说： • ABSOLUTELY NO SMOKING • Danger: No smoking or open flame • 危险：禁止吸烟和明火

17. 如果要想语气婉转些，也可以这样表达： • Thank you for not smoking. • Notice: This is a smoke-free / non-smoking facility / building. • 此处为无烟区。 • For hygiene’s sake please refrain yourself from smoking in this room. • 为了您和他人的健康，请勿在此吸烟。 • 以上均属于照搬借用（borrow）的翻译方法。

18. Ⅱ 商业零售设施 • 也可采用borrow的翻译方法，如： • Automatic vending • 自动售货机 • Conveniece store • 便利店

19. Discount shed • 折扣大棚 • Discounters • 折扣摊点 • Edge of town site • 近效商业点

20. Factory outlet • 厂家直销点 • Franchising • 特许经营 • Hypermarket • 巨型超市 • In-home retailing • 上门销售

21. Mail order retailing • 邮购服务 • Non-store retailing • 无店面销售 • Retail park • 零售园 • Specialty shop • 专营商店

22. Suburban center • 市郊商业中心 • Telemarketing • 电话销售 • Variety store • 综合商店 • Warehouse club • 会员制超市

23. 零售商业的形式还有: • Bazaar • 市场（源自中东地区）；慈善义卖点 • Boutique • 服饰专卖店(专买流行时装的小商店) • Chain store • 连锁店 • Emporium • 百货商场，商业大厦

24. Farmers market • 农贸市场 • Flea market • 跳蚤市场，旧货市场 • Licensed shop/vender of tobacco and alcohol • 烟酒专卖店 • General store • 杂货店

25. Grocery store • 蔬菜水果店 • Shopping arcade • 廊式商业街 • Shopping center • 购物中心 • Shopping mall • 大型购物中心（大磨）

26. Shopping parade • 购物市场 • Shopping plaza • 购物广场 • Shopping precinct • 商业步行街 • Export goods store / emporium • 外贸商场

27. Ⅲ 保护绿地的警示语 • 保护绿草，留住绿意。 • 小草有生命，脚下请留情。 • 小草微微笑，请您走便道。 • 护一片绿叶，献一份爱心。 • Preserve green grass and retain the green color. • Little grass has life, please watch your step. • Little grass is smiling slightly. Please walk on the pavement. • Protect a piece of green leaf and dedicate a share of love. • 译文不规范(make no sense)

28. 可取的翻译应是： • 保护绿草，留住绿意。 • 小草有生命，脚下请留情。 • 小草微微笑，请您走便道。 • 护一片绿叶，献一份爱心。 • Take care of the grass to keep the place green. • Treading on grass is treading on life. • Little grass says smilingly: “walk on the pathway, please.” • Your care for the green is your love of the community.

29. 如果用规范正宗的英语重新翻译，可直接借用英语中现成的说法“请勿践踏草坪”：如果用规范正宗的英语重新翻译，可直接借用英语中现成的说法“请勿践踏草坪”： • Please keep off the grass. • Please stay off the grass. Thank you. • Please be advised: stay off the grass.

30. 另一种选择是按照英语的思维习惯进行翻译使译文更为生动活泼，更有艺术性。如：另一种选择是按照英语的思维习惯进行翻译使译文更为生动活泼，更有艺术性。如： • 保护绿草，留住绿地。 • Keep the grass green and fresh. • Color our city green with well-attended grass. • For our environment’s sake, keep the grass in top shape.

31. 小草有生命，脚下请留情。 • Please give me a chance to grow. • Grass grows in silence. Please leave it alone. • If I am trampled like a weed, I’d be dying at your feet.

32. 小草微微笑，请您走便道。 • I greet you with a smile and you should behave with style. • If you stay off my ground, I’ll be green all the year round. • The smiling grass would like to say: “Please walk on the pathway.”

33. 护一片绿叶，献一份爱心。 • A little turf of grass grows with the care of everyone. • My healthy growth calls for everybody’s tender care. • Let the grass thrive with our care.

34. 类似的公示语还有： • 请勿乱扔垃圾，保持环境清洁。 • Don’t be a litterbug / litter lout. Help keep the city / environment clean.

35. 不准宠物随地大小便；宠物粪便必须随时清除。不准宠物随地大小便；宠物粪便必须随时清除。 • No dog pooping! • No dog peeing! • No dog poop zone. Owners, please pick up after your pet! • If your dog poops, please scoop. • Respect your neighbor, take the poop with you.

36. Ⅳ 停车场和禁止停车 • Car park • 停车场 • Parkade • 多层停车场，停车楼 • Underground parking • 地下停车

37. Boom-gate parking • 吊臂停车场（入口处有自动起落的吊臂控制，司机用投币或插卡的方式开启驶入） • VIP car park • 贵宾停车场 • Ticket parking area • 购票停车 • Pay Parking • 收费停车场

38. Pay and display • 购票展示（购票后放在挡风玻璃内票面朝外展示出来，以便交通管理员traffic warden能看得见。） • Time Limit Parking • 限时停车 • 15 Minute Parking • 15分钟停车

39. Long Stay Parking • 长时间停车 • Flat rate parking • 单一的停车费标准（不分时间长短） • Emergency parking • 紧急停车 • Stopping for loading or unloading only • 只准临时停车装卸货

40. Preferred parking • 就近停车 • Additional parking at rear • 后面还有停车位 • Three for free • 三人同车可免费停车

41. 英语里有许多禁止停车的用语，如： • NO PARKING TOW AWAY ZONE • NO PARKING UNAUTHORIZED CARS WILL BE TOWED AWAY AT OWNER’S EXPENSE • NO PARKING VIOLATORS WILL BE TOWED AT VEHICLE OWNER’S EXPENSE • 禁止停车，违者拖走。

42. 消防通道，严禁停车 • STRICTLY NO PARKING FIRE ZONE • NO PARKING OR STANDING FIRE LANE • NO PARKING FIRE STATION

43. 私人车道，禁止停车 • NO PARKING IN DRIVEWAY • NO PARKING PRIVATE DRIVE • DO NOT BLOCK DRIVEWAY

44. 如在此停车，车辆及车内财物责任自负 • VEHICLES AND THEIR CONTENTS ARE LEFT HERE ENTIRELY AT THE OWNER’S RISK

45. 未经允许在此停车，车轮将被锁定 • CARS PARKED HERE WITHOUT PERMISSION WILL BE CLAMPED.

46. 此处随时使用，禁止停车 • NO PARKING, GARAGE IN USE • NO PARKIGN, CONSTANTLY IN USE • NO PARKING, IN USE 24 HOURS

47. 装卸区禁止停车 • NO PARKING LOADING ZONE • NO PARKING LOADING BAY • NO PARKING SERVICE & DELIVERY AREA

48. 小型车停放区 • PARKING FOR SMALL CARS • COMPACT CARS ONLY • 未经允许，不准停车 • PARKING BY PERMIT ONLY • ASSIGNED PARKING ONLY • AUTHORIZED PARKING ONLY

49. 内部停车位 • PARKING FOR STAFF / FACULTY ONLY • RESERVED FOR EMPLOYEES • MANAGER’S PARKING BAY

50. 客户专用车位 • GUEST’S CAR PARK • VISITORS PARKING ONLY • PARKING FOR CUSTOMERS ONLY