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Standard 10. The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction. A. Johnson’s Plan It pardoned all Southerners who took the pledge of allegiance. Each state could hold a constitutional convention (without Lincoln’s 10% allegiance requirement.)
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Standard 10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction.
Johnson’s Plan It pardoned all Southerners who took the pledge of allegiance. Each state could hold a constitutional convention (without Lincoln’s 10% allegiance requirement.) States had to void secession, abolish slavery, and ratify the 13th Amendment. States could then become full member of the Union. Lincoln’s Plan A pardon to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept the federal policy on slavery. It denied pardons to all Confederate military and government officials and to anyone who had killed African American war prisoners. It allowed each state to hold a constitutional convention after 10% of the population had taken an oath of allegiance. After that, states could hold elections and be full members of the Union. Presidential Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act of 1867 • The act was known as Radical Reconstruction. • It put the South under military rule, dividing it into five district, each governed by a northern general. • It ordered southern states to hold new elections for delegates to create new state constitutions. • It required states to allow all qualified male voters, including African Americans, to vote in elections. • It temporarily barred southerners who had supported the Confederacy from voting. • It required southern states to guarantee equal rights to all citizens. • It required the states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
How did the Reconstruction plans of the Radical Republicans differ from those of Andrew Johnson? The Radical Republicans preferred the nation split into two regions. The Radical Republicans believed Johnson’s plan was too harsh. The Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South. The Radical Republicans hoped to re-establish the plantation system.
William Tecumseh Sherman • After the war, Sherman came up with the idea of 40 acres and a mule. • This was not a government policy. • This was overturned by the government because it violated the constitution. • The government can not take property from people without just compensation.
The Freedmen’s Bureau • To help black southerners adjust to freedom, Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau in march 1865. • The bureau gave out clothing, medical supplies, and millions of meals to both black and white war refugees. • More than 250,000 African American students received their first formal education in bureau schools.
The Freedman’s Bureau worked to achieve all of the following for African Americans EXCEPT • The establishment of schools • Access to medical care • Access to essential goods • The restoration of black codes
Historically Black Colleges • It was the initiative of many blacks themselves, along with the support of the American Missionary Association (AMA) and the Freedmen's Bureau, that was responsible for setting up private colleges and universities for the education of blacks. • African-American churches ran their own elementary and secondary educations for southern blacks, preparing them for vocations or advanced studies. • This created a demand for higher education, particularly for the institutes to train teachers for work in black schools. • Between 1861 and 1870, the AMA founded seven black colleges and 13 normal (teaching) schools. • Atlanta University, Fisk University, and Howard University
Schools like Morehouse College in Georgia are examples of the efforts of the Freedman’s Bureau to establish educational facilities for African Americans during • The Great Depression • Reconstruction • The Roaring Twenties • The 1950s
The Civil War Amendments • The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the entire United States. • The 14th Amendment ensured that all citizens of all states enjoyed not only rights on the federal level, but on the state level, too. • The 15th Amendment ensures that race cannot be used as a criteria for voting.
The purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment was • To institute a draft • To raise needed war funds • To abolish slavery • To determine citizenship
What does the Fourteenth Amendment grant? • Voting rights to all citizens • The right of land ownership • Citizenship to all individuals born in the United States • The right to reclaim slaves who have entered a free state
Black Codes • Curfew - Generally, black people could not gather after sunset. • Vagrancy laws - Freedmen convicted of vagrancy could be fined, whipped, or sold for a year’s labor. • Labor contracts - Freedmen had to sign agreements in January for a year of work. Those who quit in the middle of a contract often lost all the wages they had earned. • Limits on women’s rights - Mothers who wanted to stay home and care for their families were forced instead to do farm labor. • Land restrictions - Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas.
What was the effect of the black codes? • They created a new form of slavery after the Civil War. • They allowed for the emancipation of southern slaves. • They established a way for freed slaves to own land. • They eliminated one cause of sectionalism.
Which is an example of resistance to racial equality during Reconstruction? • Black codes • Fourteenth Amendment • Fifteenth Amendment • Civil Rights Act of 1866
Ku Klux Klan • From 1868 through 1871, groups of white southerners launched a violent backlash against Radical Reconstruction. • The Klan’s long-term goal was to keep African Americans in the role of submissive labor. • People were dragged from their homes and harassed, tortured, kidnapped, or murdered.
The Federal Response • Congress passed the Enforcement Act of 1870. • It banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race. • Within a year the KKK was virtually wiped out.
Andrew Johnson Impeached • On February 24, 1868, House members voted to impeach President Johnson. • Johnson vetoed all of the laws passed by the Radical Republicans. • He was impeached because Congress did not like him vetoing their laws. • He was the first President to be impeached. • On May 16, 1868, Johnson escaped removal from office by one vote in the Senate.
Why did the House of Representatives vote to impeach President Johnson? • Johnson was not supportive of Radical Republicans. • Johnson refused to provide funds to set up military districts. • Congress preferred a stronger candidate for president. • The people had voted to remove Johnson as president.
Page 430: 1, 2, 3, 8, and 16 You do not need to write out the questions.
