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Understanding Mendelian Genetics: Chromosomes, Genes, and Heredity Concepts

Dive into the fundamentals of Mendelian genetics, exploring vital concepts such as chromosomes, genes, and alleles. Learn definitions of key terms like genotype, phenotype, and locus, and clarify differences between dominant, recessive, and codominant traits. Engage with practical questions, including monohybrid crosses and Punnett squares, to predict phenotype ratios. Delve into examples like tongue-rolling and flower colors, and discover how inheritance patterns, including blood types and sex chromosomes, shape traits in living organisms.

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Understanding Mendelian Genetics: Chromosomes, Genes, and Heredity Concepts

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  1. Mendeliangenetics and heredity

  2. Chromosomes, genes and alleles

  3. Definitions • Genotype • Phenotype • Genes • Locus • Alleles • Dominant/recessive/codominant • Homozygous/heterozygous • Test cross

  4. Monohybridcrosses • A red floweriscrossedwithanother red flower. Some of theoffspring are white. Whatdoesthis mean? • Oneflowercheatedontheother • Thewhitefloweris a mutant • It´snotpossible • Somethingelse

  5. Practicequestions • Tonguerolling (T) isdominant over non-tonguerollling (t). A heterozygousmalecrosses with a homozygousrecessive female. Theyhavefourchildren. What ratio of phenotypes do youexpect in theirchildren? • Show yourworkingusingPunnetgrids.

  6. Practicequestion • 1. Pea plants have two phenotypes, short leaves and long leaves. Long leaves are the dominant trait and short leaves the recessive trait. • Assuming that D is the allele for dominant and d is the allele for recessive write the possible genotypes for a plant with long leaves and a plant with short leaves plant. • Using a Punnet grid establish the offspring of the plants produced by the next combinations, Dd X dd , DD X Dd , • DD X dd , dd X dd. Write the genotypes for each offspring and the phenotype ratio.

  7. Bloodtypes Bloodtypeisanexample of a gene which can de CODOMINANT. Thismeansthattwoalleles can beequallystrong –so whenwecaaryone of eachweget a mixedphenotype: BOTH ALLELES ARE EXPRESSED.

  8. Howisbloodtypeinherited?

  9. Sex chromosomes and gender

  10. Sex chromosomes and gender XX XY X X Y X XX XX XY XY

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