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Lecture 17 Psyc 300A

Lecture 17 Psyc 300A. HW 8: Setting Up a Factorial ANOVA. Serve Other Serve Other Serve Self Serve Self Alone With Another Alone With Another 5 7 3 5 5 8 3 6 5 9 4 6 6 9 4 7 6 7 4 6 6 8 3 5 6 8 3 6 5 9 4 6

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Lecture 17 Psyc 300A

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  1. Lecture 17Psyc 300A

  2. HW 8: Setting Up a Factorial ANOVA Serve Other Serve Other Serve Self Serve Self Alone With Another Alone With Another 5 7 3 5 5 8 3 6 5 9 4 6 6 9 4 7 6 7 4 6 6 8 3 5 6 8 3 6 5 9 4 6 5 9 4 7 5 7 4 6

  3. HW8: SPSS Data File WhoFor WhoWith Rating (other vs self) (alone vs with another) 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 6 ……. 1 2 7 1 2 8 ……. 2 1 3 2 1 3 …… 2 2 5 2 2 6

  4. Another SPSS Example • Hand raising study • Do boys and girls raise their hands in school at different frequencies? • Do children of different ages raise their hands at different frequencies? • Does how much a boy or girls raises their hand depend on their age?

  5. Quasi-Experiments • May include the following: • No control group • Non-manipulated IV, participant variable • No random assignment to groups • Major problem: Confounding • Example: • An intervention to reduce fear of public speaking

  6. Types of Quasi-Experiments • Single-Group Posttest-Only Design (Tx group) Tx  O • Single-Group Pretest/Posttest Design (Tx group) O  Tx  O • Single-Group Time Series Design (Tx group) O  O  O  Tx  O  O

  7. Types of Quasi-Experiments • Nonequivalent Control Group Posttest-Only Design (Tx group) Tx  O (Control group) Tx  O • Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest/Posttest Design (Tx group) O  Tx  O (Control group) O  No Tx  O

  8. Types of Quasi-Experiments • Multiple-Group Time-Series Design (Tx group) O  O  O  Tx  O  O (Cntrl grp) O O  O  Tx  O  O

  9. Threats to Validity • Selection: Occurs when one group initially differs from another • Maturation: Participants change over time • Attrition/Mortality: Occurs when participants drop out • History: Events take place between measurements that are not related to IV • Instrumentation: Changes may occur in the measurement device over time (including human measuring devices) • Testing: Effects of repeated measurement on same person • Statistical Regression: Arises when participants are selected based on extreme scores

  10. Single-Subject (or Case) Designs • Advantages • Simple • In a group design, the mean differences may not represent any particular individual • Disadvantages • External validity, generalizing results • Work best on IVs which have reversible effects

  11. Reversal Designs • ABA reversal design • ABAB reversal design • This reversal ends with treatment condition • Example: • Caffeine and my clarity in the classroom • A=caffeinated coffee, B=decaf • Coaching and my clarity in the classroom • A=no coaching, B=coaching

  12. Multiple-Baseline Design • We look at the effect of introducing a treatment across different • Participants • Ex: Using students’ names to increase class participation in PSYC 300A • Behaviors • Ex: Using praise to increase cooperation at home (cleaning room, doing dishes, yard work) • Situations • Ex: Mom, dad, and caretaker-grandparent use listening skills sequentially with quiet kid

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