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The Sun

The Sun. By Joanne and Satomi. Joanne.

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The Sun

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  1. The Sun By Joanne and Satomi

  2. Joanne Around 4.57 billion years ago, a collapse part of a giant molecular cloud made from mostly hydrogen and helium gave birth to out sun and many other stars. The sun is a star in the middle of our solar system. The surface shoots hot gases that begin at about 6100 degrees Celsius. 99.7% of then is made from helium and hydrogen. The rest of the sun is made from oxygen, carbon, neon and iron. The elements that are part of the sun were created during the “big bang”. It is shot thousands of kilometres into space and this is how we get heat. Our sun is amazing but if you look directly at the sun with a naked eye, you will go blind….. DUHHH! Continue to read if you would like to know more about the sun  Want to know about the sun?

  3. Satomi In our solar system we have eight planets and 1 bright star (the sun).The centre of our solar system is the sun, but the sun is not the centre of our solar system, even though we consider as the centre of our solar system. The sun takes up around 99.8% of our solar system. The milky way is seen as a spiral galaxy with 4 main arms ,and several shorter segments. The rotation of the spiral turns clockwise to the centre. The sun and our solar system is located closer to the Orion arm, in between the Perseus arm and Sagittarius arm .The diameter of the entire Milky Way is around 100,000 light years and the sun is located around 28,000 light years away from the galactic centre. One orbit of the earth around the sun is equivalent to one year. Our sun and the solar system moves 800 thousand kilometres per hour- in this huge orbit. In 90 seconds, we all move 20,000 kilometres, in orbit around our galaxy’s centre. The earth takes a year,(365 ¼,365.25 or 365 days and 6 hours) to orbit the sun completely. This is why we have a leap year. Everything in our solar system including planets, their moons, ,dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, space junk and other space objects all orbit around the sun. Solar System

  4. Figure 1 Joanne Layers of the sun The sun is made of 6 burning layers of gas as shown in figure 1. (Subsurface flows, is not a layer)

  5. Inner core: The inner core of the sun is like an engine for a car. It is 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (14999982ºC). Here, all its energy is produced and then goes through many layers. Radiative zone: The energy from the core goes to the next layer, the radiative zone of the sun. Scientists believe that this part of the sun is cooler than the core. They estimate is to be 4.5 million Fahrenheit (2499982.2ºC) Conversion zone: The conversion zone is the last layer of the inner parts of the sun. this layer creates big bubbles. This zone is 2 million degrees Fahrenheit (2222204.4ºC) Photosphere: The photosphere is the visible surface of the sun. Due to the bubbling from the previous layer (conversion zone) the photosphere makes granular patterns. From looking at pictures, the granular look small but scientist believe that they are actually as big as our moon. This layer of the sun is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5537.7778ºC) Chromosphere: The chromosphere is just above the photosphere. It has gigantic solar flare and loops of hot gases shooting up thousands of kilometres. This layer is about 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2760ºC). Corona: This layer of the sun lies just above the chromosphere. We can only see this layer during a solar eclipse. This layer is leaving scientists curious because this layer is way hotter than the other layers. It is about 4 million degrees Fahrenheit (2222204.4ºC)

  6. Many regions worshipped the sun. below, are some examples. The Egyptians worshiped Ra. For them, the sun was the source of life. It provided them with heat, energy, light and warmth. He was considered to be the king of gods. The Chinese worshiped Ten Suns. They believed that there were actually 10 suns and they took turns lighting each day. They believed that the suns are carried across the heavens in a chariot that is driven by their mother and drawn by dragons. The Japanese worshipped a sun goddess names Ama- Terasu The Japanese believed that their country was made by the sun and came up with the legend of Ama- Terasu. They believed in this so much they even put a red ball on a white background. (The red ball is supposed to be the sun) The Greeks worshipped Apollo Although Apollo was considered a good sun god, he was also god of many other things sucks as music, poetry, mathematics and medicine. Aboriginal Sun Spirit- Yhi Yhi was the one who brought light into the dark world. Joanne Worships

  7. Solar energy is the cleanest and most environmentally friendly source of renewable energy that generates electricity available to help power your home, business or community building. In today’s society this is one of the cheapest options. Solar power and also provide us with heating and cooling in houses, hot water or heating water. Joanne Solar Energy

  8. Sunspots are cooler and darker areas on the outside layer of the sun called the photosphere. An average sunspot may look like a tiny dot on the sun but it is actually as big as our earth. Sunspots usually last about 11 years. These sunspots also cause weather changes. More sunspots cause hot weather and less sunspots cause cold weather. The largest sunspot is about 50,000 km wide meaning that it is able to be seen with a naked eye. STILL!!!! Don’t look at the sun with a naked eye Joanne Sun Spots

  9. A solar flare is a sudden, rapid, difference in brightness in areas of the sun. A solar flare occurs when energy, built up in the solar system that is suddenly released. It is possible to see radiation emitting across the entire electromagnetic spectrum through x-rays. Millions of 100-megaton hydrogen bombs exploding at the same time is equal to the amount of energy released. Particles including electrons, protons and heavy nuclei are heated and accelerated as the magnetic energy is being released. There are three stages to a solar flare, the first stage is the precursor stage. This is where the trigger of magnetic energy is pulled. Emission I usually detected at this stage, due to a soft x-ray. The second stage is the impulsive stage. This is when protons and electrons are accelerated to energy , during this stage, radio waves, hard x-rays and gamma rays are emitted. The third stage is the decay stage, this is when soft x-rays can be detected. These stages can last up to as long as an hour or as short as a couple of second. Solar flares extend out to the next layer of the sun, the corona. The corona is the atmosphere at the very surface of the sun, abiding rarefied gas. This gas is really high in temperature, usually reaching 10-20 million degrees. The corona isn’t normally bright, but is concentrated around the solar equator in loop-shaper appearance, known to be connected with strong magnetic fields called, active regions. It is possible to spot a sun spot with in these areas but this is where solar flares normally occur. SolarFlares Satomi

  10. A solar eclipse is when the moon comes between earth and the sun. At that time, the moon will not cover the corona. Although it is an amazing site, you must make sure you don’t look at it because you may get blind. There are 3 different types of solar eclipses. This depends on the moons shadow. Total- when the entire sun cannot be seen as shown in figure 2.3.1 Partial- when only part of the sun’s surface cannot be seen as shown in figure 2.3.2 Annular- only a small ring lift is seen from the suns disc as show in figure 2.3.3 Solar Eclipse Figure 2.3.1 Figure 2.3.1 Joanne Figure 2.3.1

  11. The sun plays a big part in our daily lives, for we cannot live without it. Food~ We will no longer have any supply for our food. We won’t have any plants or vegetables for plants need sunlight to grow. The sun won’t burn the fuel (the pollution sent to the atmosphere)~It will lead to global warming and cause the north pole and south poles to melt, which will lead to a rise in tides. We will not be able to live or survive~ Every living thing needs water to survive and earth is the only planet to have water without the sun. Without the sun’s heat, earth will turn into an icy rocky planer. Gives us a warmer place to live in and survive~ The sun carries sunlight energy which warms up the earth, for our weather and climate. With out the sun there will be no life or living on planet earth. EARTH What does the sun do for Satomi

  12. The yohkoh is a Japanese observatory which was launched on august 31,1991.Ever since, the satellite has been sending back x-rays and gamma rays of the sun. The satellites have two spectroscopies. Together, these instruments send images of light back to earth which we cannot see properly with a naked eye. The goal of the project was to gain more knowledge about solar flares, the study of coronal mass ejections and other types of solar activity. In Japan, the establishment for the Space and Astronomical Sciences, is where the Yohkoh satellite is controlled. A power shutdown had been experienced on the Yohkoh on December 14, 2001. This was triggered by an eclipse of the sun that covered some parts of the Pacific Ocean that day. Efforts have been made to repair the satellite. Even though the satellite cannot be repaired just yet, it is considered as a great success. The Yohkoh is a satellite which was sent to space to study and take images of the sun. There had been an accident, a power shut down which has not been recovered yet, but is known as a great success. Satomi The Yohkoh

  13. Satomi The SOHO The SOHO stands for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. The SOHO is a project is global cooperation ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to study the layers and structure of the sun, to study the curiosity of the solar wind and connections of the sun and earth. On December 2, 1995, the SOHO satellite was launched on an Atlas II-AS rocket (AC-121) from the CCAS (the Cape Canaveral Air Station) in Florida, United States. The satellite was made in Europe, by a company team, led by the Marta Marconi Space. The pieces needed for the constructions was provided by European and American scientist. NASA was in control of the launch of the satellite and is now responsible for mission operations. Goddard Space Flight Centre in Maryland, is the mission control.

  14. Satomi Name: SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) Dimensions: Approximately 4.3x2.7x3.7 metres (9.5 metres with solar arrays deployed) Mass: 1850 Kilograms at launch Cost: About a thousand million Euros, These costs have been spread between ESA and its member states and NASA Profile

  15. http://dictionary.reference.com/ • http://www.ducksters.com/science/physics/sunspots_solar_wind_flares.php • http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/flare.htmhttp://nineplanets.org/sol.html • http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/ita/07_1.shtml • http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sun1lite.htm • http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/effect_on_earth.html • http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level1/solar_system.html • http://www.windows2universe.org/space_missions/yohkoh.html • Google images Bibliography Satomi

  16. Joanne http://web.utah.edu/astro/sun.html http://www.eyeonthesky.org/activities_pdf/XXsun_teacher.script.pdf http://www.scholastic.com/browse/subarticle.jsp?id=2524 http://www.windows2universe.org/space_missions/yohkoh.html http://www.metric-conversions.org/temperature/fahrenheit-to-celsius.htm http://paganwiccan.about.com/od/lithathesummersolstice/p/SunWorship.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-eclipse1.htm http://www.space.com/15584-solar-eclipses.html http://www.solarschools.net/resources/stuff/sun_gods.aspx#tensuns http://www.energymatters.com.au/renewable-energy/solar-power/ Bibliography

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