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Chapter 1 Matter and Element Properties

Chapter 1 Matter and Element Properties. West Valley High School General Chemistry Mr. Mata. Bravo! – 15,000 kiloton atomic bomb!!!. Standard 1A. Students will know how the atomic structure is related to an element’s position on the Periodic Table of Elements. Essential Question.

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Chapter 1 Matter and Element Properties

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  1. Chapter 1 Matter and Element Properties West Valley High School General Chemistry Mr. Mata Bravo! – 15,000 kiloton atomic bomb!!!

  2. Standard 1A • Students will know how the atomic structure is related to an element’s position on the Periodic Table of Elements.

  3. Essential Question • How is chemistry used to study the world around us?

  4. Introduction • Chemistry connects us to the world. • All we see, taste, & touch is matter. • Matter makes the world real. • Chemistry = study of matter: (properties, composition, how matter interacts). • Chemistry involved in many interesting jobs. • Making perfumes, colognes, cosmetics. • Crime scenes (forensics). • Preparing great tasting and safe foods. • Developing life-saving drugs.

  5. Section 1-1 • Chemistry is a physical science. • Chemical = substance with a definite composition. • Ex: water is always H2O. • Everything made of chemicals.

  6. Six Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry- study of carbon containing compounds. Example: C6H12O6 (Glucose) Inorganic Chemistry- study of compounds that do not contain carbon. Example: H2O Water. Physical Chemistry- study of properties, changes, & relation of energy and matter.

  7. Analytical chemistry- study of components & composition of materials. Biochemistry- study of living things. Ex: photosynthesis, fermentation Theoretical Chemistry- study of math & computers to design/predict new stuff.

  8. Types of Research • Basic Research-how and why things work. • Applied Research- solve specific problem. Ex: depletion of the ozone layer. • TechnologicalDevelopment- application of science to solve problems. Ex: biodegradable materials

  9. Section 1-2 • Mass: amount of matter. • Matter: anything with mass & volume Ex: air, smoke, water . • Atom: smallest unit of element. • Element: made of one kind of atom. • Periodic Table contains 118 elements. • 92 naturally occurring (found in nature) • Other 26 synthetically made.

  10. Compound: 2+ elements chemically bonded. • Physical properties: measured without altering material. Ex: MP of ice • Extensive Physical Properties: depend on the amount of matter. Ex: mass & length • Intensive Physical Properties- does NOT depend on amount of matter. Ex: MP, BP, FP, density, color, crystal shape

  11. Physical change - does NOT result in change in identity. Ex: cutting wire, crushing a solid, gas expanding. • Changes in state(S <-> L <-> G) Ex: melting, boiling, freezing. • Chemical Properties: undergo changes that alters identity. Ex: reactivity.

  12. Chemical change or reaction (rxn); new substance made. Ex: bread baking, nail rusting, moldy orange • Basic Chemical Formula • A + BC • A & B are called reactants •  is read “yields” = “produces” • C is the product (s)

  13. 4 states of matter • Solids: definite shape &volume. • Liquids: definite volume; no definite shape. • Gases: no definite volume; no definite shape. • Plasma: gaseous system of charged particles.

  14. Weight vs. Mass • Weight: pull of gravity on object. • Mass: quantity of matter. • Astronauts in space experience weightless since gravity changes. • Ex: 120 lb person on earth would only weigh 20 lb on moon (1/6th gravity), but would still have a mass of 120 lb.

  15. Law of conservation of mass: matter CANNOT be created nor destroyed. Ex: burning wood, nuclear reactions • Law of conservation of energy : energy CANNOT be created nor destroyed, but can be converted. Ex: Kinetic & potential energy.

  16. Classification of Matter • Mixture: 2+ kinds of matter; each retains identity & properties; can be separated physically. • 2 types of mixtures • Homogeneous (solutions); uniform composition. Ex: air, sugar in water, stainless steel. • Heterogeneous; not uniform. Ex: granite, wood, blood.

  17. Pure substances • Compound: made from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded. • Ex: water, salt, sucrose. • Cannot be separated physically. • Element: made of one pure substance that cannot be broken down. • Examples: gold, silver, hydrogen.

  18. Ch. 1 SUTW Prompt • Describe how physical and chemical changes differ from each other. • Complete an 8-10 sentence paragraph using the SUTW paragraph format. Use green, yellow, pink highlighters. • Due Date: Monday, August 27th, 2018 at beginning of your regular class.

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