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Organic Structures

Organic Structures. Ways to write complex molecules. Some reminders…. Carbon compounds will form (almost always) four bonds They can several possible combinations with other atoms If all the bonds are single: (four sigma bonds) they have sp 3 hybidization , 109.5 o , tetrahedral

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Organic Structures

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  1. Organic Structures Ways to write complex molecules

  2. Some reminders… Carbon compounds will form (almost always) four bonds They can several possible combinations with other atoms If all the bonds are single: (four sigma bonds) they have sp3hybidization, 109.5o, tetrahedral If there are two singles and one double (three sigma’s and one pi): they have sp2hridization, 120o, trigonal planar If there are two doubles (two sigma and two pi bonds): they have sphybrization, 180o, linear O=C=O H C H H H O C H H

  3. Carbon Structures Carbon can form long chains: C C C C C C C C C The chains can continue for millions of carbon atoms The bond angles are, in the simplest case, 109.5o

  4. Carbon Structures H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H In the simplest case… Each carbon is surrounded by two hydrogens The end carbons have an extra hydrogen So the formula for the simplest carbon compounds is CnH2n+2

  5. Drawing Carbon Structures…1 Carbon structures can be written many ways… H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C Often, the bonds will be written at right angles… H H H H H H H H H H H Sometimes, the carbons and hydrogens will be written together… CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 Repeated carbons and hydrogens can be compressed even more… CH3 CH3 (CH2)7

  6. Drawing Carbon Structures…2 Hydrogen may often be left out… C C C C C Either angular… C C C C Or linear… C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C OH H C C C NH2 H Other important elements, like oxygen or nitrogen can be included… C C C OH H Notice that the hydrogen bonded to the other elements is included NH2 H

  7. Drawing Carbon Structures…3 Carbon may be left out, showing only the carbon- carbon bonds… C9H20 Double or triple bonds are straight-forward… C9H18 OH Non-carbon or hydrogen groups may be added… C6H20NH2OH NH2

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