The Smart Grid Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Clark W. Gellings

1. The Smart GridEnabling Energy Efficiency and Demand ResponseClark W. Gellings Chapter 8: The EnergyPortSM as Part of the Smart Grid Brevard Community College ETP1400 Distributed Electrical Power Generation and Storage Bruce Hesher 433-5779

2. Electricity consumers are changing. Their behavior is increasingly being driven by real-time management of electricity. They increasingly demand higher levels of reliability, efficiency, and environmental performance. Consumer tools for tracking and controlling consumption are needed. A once monthly bill is not sufficient. Accurate itemization of consumption detailed by time and device as well as the ability for consumers to manage power usage is needed. Information on time-varying price, power generation options (clean or coal etc.), power quality need to be made available. The consumer needs a way to see and manage all of these aspects.

3. Power consuming devices must be “intelligent” so they can make decisions based on consumer preferences and without constant monitoring. • If these mechanisms are in place, signals from utilities (ex: peak demand pricing) or emergency management would result in the appropriate response the consumer desires to those signals. If cheap dirty power becomes available it may be time to store (recharge) power locally. If local power is low the consumer's local power system(s) needs to shop for power. If the consumer needs high quality power they need to be able to find a source. • Over the next decade, the adaptation of advanced electricity management will become an integrated part of the entire electricity value chain.

4. What is the EnergyPortSM ? p162 It is part portal, part gateway and part smart meter. It is the hardware and software interface to interact with it. A gateway is a data communications hub. A portal is a web-based application that provides a user interface. The EnergyPortSM will provide both a view of the energy system as well as a way to interact with it. The EnergyPortSM can perform the functions of a communications gateway that physically and logically inter-connects a wide-area access network with a consumers' local network.

5. What are the Generic Features of the EnergyPortSM System? • The EnergyPortSM may benefit consumers in seven ways: • Safety • Security • convenience • comfort • communications • energy management • entertainment

6. Simplify Building Systems • Today’s buildings use separate systems for Ethernet, power, television, phone, intercom, thermostat, video, security, etc. Some wireless, some wired usually on different wires. The EnergyPortSM will simplify them. • Three approaches are possible: 1) Use one hybrid cable run to all devices providing power and data. 2) Power line carrier signals (data) will be piggybacked on the buildings electrical power wires. 3) Radio networks will send signals displacing all but the basic electrical wiring.

7. Safety • Before an EnergyPortSM wall socket is energized. The device that is plugged in must first request power, so; it is occupying the socket. Sticky a screw driver in the outlet or replacing an outlet without turning the breaker off would be safe (assuming there is only one outlet per circuit). Fire hazards would also be reduced since less wiring in the building is energized at any time. • When a device is plugged in, it identifies itself, gives n estimate of its power consumption, and lets the system know its status (on/off or in working order). Does this take energy?

8. Reliability • In the event of an outage the EnergyPortSM can interface with a, Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) and pull power from the local energy store to keep systems up and running. The consumer would need to set priorities as to what devices remain powered. Security and alarm systems would need to be high priority. The EnergyPortSM could manage local renewable and non-renewable energy sources like generators and PV arrays to provide power.

9. Decentralized Operation • The EnergyPortSM is not a computer-controlled building in the sense that there is a personal computer running things. The system intelligence and control are distributed. This improves reliability and is more efficient. Decisions and actions are performed at low levels close to the devices that are being acted upon. This provides the ability to isolate and identify problem areas and to keep failures in a device or control from affecting other systems. • If a device and/or its monitor and control goes down the entire building is not affected.

10. Consumer Interface ! • Consumes will interface with the EnergyPortSM in a variety of ways. Everything in tomorrows buildings will be controlled by signals, what ever device can send the appropriate signal can be used. • Many product opportunities exist. Especially in the home automation area. Voice recognition and cell phone apps come to mind. “There's an app for that”. Interface standards that are simple and open are needed. Devices that will not inter-operate would drive up cost and lower convenience. Open standards would help prevent Beta vs VHS as well as multiple remote controls scenarios. Advantech Residential Terminal

11. Appliances That Talk to Each Other • One of the most exciting forms of control made possible by the EnergyPortSM comes through appliance-to-appliance communication. Here for example, the ringing telephone or doorbell would cause the vacuum cleaner to shut down so a consumer could hear and respond. It's Saturday morning, and the stereo's blaring when your phone rings - but the volume automatically drops so you can hear the telephone. Or it's 3 a.m. Monday and you're asleep, but your dishwasher is "talking" with your water heater, instructing it to get ready to take care of dirty dishes from Sunday night's big family dinner. The dishwasher, "knowing" that electrical rates are low at that hour, sends a signal to the water heater to crank into action. When it has enough hot water, the heater "tells" the dishwasher to get to work. See CEBus

12. EnergyPortSM Monitors Safety • To prevent dangerous things from happening, sensors for radon gas, natural gas leaks, smoke, and etc. could activate alarms or call for help. • Power tools, stoves and other potentially dangerous appliance could require authorized users. • If a consumer does something stupid like leave the home with the range turned on, the system could shut it off. • If a device develops a problem like over heating or if its power consumption spikes it could be shut down.

13. Communication • The EnergyPortSM depends on advanced communications. Much of it will be built using the data infrastructure that already exists. Wireless 802.11, IR, HDMI, intranet and internet technologies can and probably all will be used so long as they comply to open standards and data protocol architecture. In “closed-loop” control the electronics in each appliance also provides energy consumption information to the system. This enables detailed analysis of consumption. IFF the system monitors and compares to what the appliance advertizes, out of spec devices can be identified for service.

14. Entertainment • Entertainment is an additional benefit of the EnegyPortSM. It can enable one central audio source to provide selection of music to several rooms. Home stereos have become home theaters devices that do video as well as audio and connect to many devices. EnergyPortSM like USB and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) will connect and enable multiple devices to inter-operate.

15. Network Communications Management • The EnergyPortSM from EPRI can support local both the applications that are dependant on internetworking as well as the functions necessary to manages the networks and connected devices. • A Google search reveals many entities vying for position in the emerging energy management system (EMS) market: • etap: Power System Software Power Management System. • Cisco Home Energy Management

16. Remote Consumer-Site Vicinity Monitoring • The EnergyPortSM can support local data monitoring to support a variety of applications including, but not limited to, electric, gas and water operations support, quality-of-service monitoring, outage detection, and other functions that can support the provision of reliable digital quality power for the future.

17. Markets • Consumers need to be able to respond to electric energy market dynamics and real time pricing. Prices may vary in short periods of time even hourly. There will be a market for manufacturers that make the best energy managements devices. • Many companies are currently entering the home and business energy management market. Free markets and dollar votes will ensure that the best products are available. • EnergyHub and Honeywell are just two examples.

18. Conclusion • The smart grid would be the glue which enables the ElectriNetSM to stick together. It would connect Low-Carbon central station generation to local energy networks and to electric transportation. Within the local energy network, some form of portal is needed to enable the the ultimate connectivity for the consumer.