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Western Michigan University College of Aviation ETOPS Misrak Joseph December 6 th , 2006

Western Michigan University College of Aviation ETOPS Misrak Joseph December 6 th , 2006. An Overview of the Project Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards (“ETOPS”) Created by the ICAO AKA Engines Turning Or Passengers Swim It makes international flights feasible

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Western Michigan University College of Aviation ETOPS Misrak Joseph December 6 th , 2006

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  1. Western Michigan University College of Aviation ETOPS Misrak Joseph December 6th, 2006

  2. An Overview of the Project • Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards (“ETOPS”) • Created by the ICAO • AKA Engines Turning Or Passengers Swim • It makes international flights feasible • Its main advantages are for flying over: • Desert • Ocean • Polar routes • ETOPS is known by most pilots as Equal Time Point • ICAO, set regulations to allow airlines to have the right equipments such as skilled pilots, flight crews, and flight engineers

  3. History • In 1919, first nonstop transatlantic flight was made • In 1958, FAA created the “60-minutes rule” • The ICAO started to required the “90-minutes rule” • In 1974, Airbus manufactured its first wide-body A300 • Boeing Challenged Airbus by manufacturing the B757 & B767 • The FAA & the ICAO set requirement called the ETOPS Regulations

  4. Beginning of Transatlantic Routes • In 1985, the FAA granted its 1st approval for ETOPS procedures • TWA was given for its B767 the 1st ETOPS approval • TWA was permitted for ETOPS-90 then ETOPS-120

  5. Development of ETOPS • The ETOPS-180 was created • 95% of the earth’s surface available to ETOPS flights • Boeing started to subsidized nations to build diversion airports • Proving Test helped increase change ETOPS-180 to ETOPS-207 for B777 • The JAA/the FAA disagreement about changes of ETOPS Regulations • B777, the JAA rated ETOPS-120 & the FAA rated ETOPS-180

  6. Qualifications for ETOPS • Two requirements to be approved to fly ETOPS • 1. ETOPS Type approval • 2. ETOPS Operational approval

  7. Types of ETOPS • There are four types of ETOPS ratings • ETOPS-75 • ETOPS-90 • ETOPS-120 • ETOPS-180/207 • Airbus, A300 is legally operating under ETOPS-90 rules • Most airlines are approved for ETOPS-120/138 • 95% of the earth’s surface is cover with ETOPS-180/207 • Boeing has proposed rating beyond ETOPS-180/207 to ETOPS-240 to FAA • This change was given with possible 330 minutes certificates • ETOPS-240 hasn’t been standardized in Europe up to the present date.

  8. Polar Routes & Its Benefits • There is a nonstop flight for N.A. to Asia through the North Pole • This method is used under the permission granted for flight into Russian airspace • A Bilateral agreement was made in 1994 • The cross-polar routes take international flights over previously un-travel territory • B747 & B777 operate nonstop flights to Asia through the polar routes • Benefits of polar routes is to give direct flights from N.A. to Asia countries • The three vital benefits of the polar routes are: • Reduced operating Cost • Lower emissions • More competitive fares for passenger

  9. Works Cited http://www.answers.com/topic/etops-lrops http://www.cnn.com The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)

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