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Chapter 45

Chapter 45. Hormones and the Endocrine System. Overview. Metamorphosis – controlled by hormones Hormones – secreted into extracellular fluid/circulates in blood or hemolymph /communicates regulatory *messages *only target cells have receptors. Overview( con’t ).

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Chapter 45

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  1. Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System

  2. Overview • Metamorphosis – controlled by hormones • Hormones – secreted into extracellular fluid/circulates in blood or hemolymph/communicates regulatory *messages • *only target cells have receptors

  3. Overview(con’t) • Hormones regulate – reproduction, growth, metabolism, behavior

  4. 45.1 Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target receptors, triggering specific response pathways • Types of Secreted Signaling Molecules 1. Hormones – endocrine vs exocrine 2. Local Regulators – paracrine vs autocrine signaling 3. Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones - synapse 4. Pheromones

  5. Intercellular Signaling

  6. Synaptic Signaling

  7. Neurohormones

  8. Pheromones

  9. Chemical Classes of Hormones • 1. polypeptides • 2. amines • 3. steroid hormones • Water soluble or lipid soluble • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202s.swf • Center for BioMolecular Modeling • Action of Epinephrine on a Liver Cell • Thyroid Hormone Animation

  10. Scientific Inquiry • Location of receptors and their interaction with hormones??? • Rats and estradiol(radioactive form) • Frogs and melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH) • Fig. 45.4 – What if?

  11. Multiple Effects of Hormones • Water-soluble hormone – tissues vary in response due to different receptors or signal transduction pathways • Fig. 45.8 p. 980 • Lipid-soluble hormone – different effect on different target cells Ex) estrogen - different effect in different species Ex) thyroxine

  12. Signaling by Local Regulators • Cytokines • Growth factors • Nitric oxide • Prostaglandins

  13. Nitric Oxide

  14. Aspirin and prostaglandins

  15. 45.2 Negative feedback and antagonistic hormone pairs • A) Simple Hormone Pathways – low pH in duodenum  secretin  pancreas bicarbonate reduction in stimulus • B) Insulin and Glucagon – an antagonistic pair – see Fig. 45.12 p. 983 - alpha and beta cells of pancreas

  16. Control of Blood Glucose

  17. Diabetes Mellitus • Deficiency in insulin or a decreased response to insulin • Type I – autoimmune/insulin dependent/destroys beta cells • Type II – heredity and excess body weight/target cells are non-responsive • http://professional.diabetes.org/admin/UserFiles/0%20-%20Sean/FastFacts%20March%202013.pdf

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