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LEARNING WITHOUT WORDS Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement

LEARNING WITHOUT WORDS Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition

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LEARNING WITHOUT WORDS Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement

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  1. LEARNING WITHOUT WORDS Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement Addendum 5A: Extinction and Superstition

  2. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement

  3. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement

  4. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement

  5. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement

  6. Extinction in historical perspective • Extinction ala Pavlov: Cortical irradiation of inhibition • Extinction as a process distinguished from reinforcement • Extinction as active suppression • Phenomena taken as evidence for extinction as active suppression • Spontaneous recovery • Disinhibition • Side effects • Peak shifts and contrast effects

  7. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement Addendum 5A: Extinction and Superstition

  8. Extinction in the context of inhibitory theory • What is inhibited by what? • What are the units of inhibition and of what is inhibited? • Why should inhibition of one response be accompanied by excitation of others? • How are the units of excitation related to those of inhibition? • If behavior is a biological system, how does inhibition work in other cases, such as vision or hearing?

  9. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement

  10. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement

  11. Motivating Variables and Reinforcer Classes Assessing Reinforcers: Reinforcer Classes and Reinforcer-Specific Effects Conditioned or Conditional Reinforcement Pseudo-Reinforcement Bribes Intrinsic Reinforcers and the Hidden Costs of Reward Addendum 14A: Motivating Events in Escape and Avoidance

  12. Motivating Variables and Reinforcer Classes Assessing Reinforcers: Reinforcer Classes and Reinforcer-Specific Effects Conditioned or Conditional Reinforcement Pseudo-Reinforcement Bribes Intrinsic Reinforcers and the Hidden Costs of Reward

  13. Motivating Variables and Reinforcer Classes Assessing Reinforcers: Reinforcer Classes and Reinforcer-Specific Effects Conditioned or Conditional Reinforcement Pseudo-Reinforcement Bribes Intrinsic Reinforcers and the Hidden Costs of Reward

  14. Reinforcers as Diagnostic

  15. Individual differences in behavior are sometimes products not of different contingencies but rather of the different reinforcers that are effective for different individuals (consider the different reinforcers that maintain therapeutic and scientific and athletic and artistic and political behavior). We can learn a lot by examining the contingencies, but sometimes it is even more important for us to examine the reinforcers. We do not know enough about the conditions that establish the vast variety of reinforcers that maintain human behavior. Look to the reinforcers

  16. Reinforcers as Opportunities for Behavior The Relativity of Reinforcement The Analysis of Reinforcement Strength: Resistance to Change Vs Response Rate Activation and Coupling The Acquisition of Behavior Sensory‑Motor Learning Addendum: 6A. Some Methodological and Measurement Issues Addendum: 6B. Latent Learning

  17. Reinforcers as Opportunities for Behavior The Relativity of Reinforcement The Analysis of Reinforcement Strength: Resistance to Change Vs Response Rate Activation and Coupling The Acquisition of Behavior Sensory‑Motor Learning

  18. Now we will see why it is important to think in terms of behavior hierarchies

  19. Once we start thinking as reinforcers in terms of the responses for which they set the occasion, we are thinking about them in terms of their properties as behavior rather than in terms of their properties as parts of the environment.

  20. Once we start thinking as reinforcers in terms of the responses for which they set the occasion, we are thinking about them in terms of their properties as behavior rather than in terms of their properties as parts of the environment.Reinforcers aren’t just kinds of stimuli.

  21. Reinforcers as Opportunities for Behavior The Relativity of Reinforcement The Analysis of Reinforcement Strength: Resistance to Change Vs Response Rate Activation and Coupling The Acquisition of Behavior Sensory‑Motor Learning

  22. Chapter 6: Reinforcers as Opportunities for Behavior The Relativity of Reinforcement The Analysis of Reinforcement Strength: Resistance to Change Vs Response Rate Activation and Coupling The Acquisition of Behavior Sensory‑Motor Learning Addendum: 6A. Some Methodological and Measurement Issues Addendum: 6B. Latent Learning

  23. Consequences of Responding: Reinforcement Reinforcement Mazes and Learning Curves Experimental Chambers and Cumulative Records The Vocabulary of Reinforcement Extinction Extinction Versus Inhibition Response‑Reinforcer Contingencies and Reinforcer Deliveries Side Effects of Extinction Extinction Versus Free or Noncontingent Reinforcement Reinforcers as Opportunities for Behavior The Relativity of Reinforcement The Analysis of Reinforcement Strength: Resistance to Change Vs Response Rate Activation and Coupling The Acquisition of Behavior Sensory‑Motor Learning

  24. The idea of reinforcement is simple,but now we can see why it is also easy to misunderstand it

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