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XML 的時代 XML Era

XML 的時代 XML Era. 國立台灣師範大學 資訊工程系 葉耀明 ymyeh@csie.ntnu.edu.tw. 內容大綱 (Contents). 從 Internet 時代到資訊全自動化時代 (From Internet era to information full automation) Web 新架構 (New architecture of Web Technology) XML 家族 (XML Family) 第二代全球資訊網重要特性 (Characteristics of Generation 2 Web Technology).

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XML 的時代 XML Era

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  1. XML的時代XML Era 國立台灣師範大學 資訊工程系 葉耀明 ymyeh@csie.ntnu.edu.tw

  2. 內容大綱(Contents) • 從Internet時代到資訊全自動化時代(From Internet era to information full automation) • Web新架構(New architecture of Web Technology) • XML家族 (XML Family) • 第二代全球資訊網重要特性(Characteristics of Generation 2 Web Technology)

  3. XML與資訊科技發展XML and IT Development 資訊全自動化時代 XML 第二代WWW 網路時代 World-Wide Web HTML-第一代WWW Cloud Computing Internet (TCP/IP) ARPANET BITNET IPv6 Yv4 IPv4 PC時代 (Three-tier) (Four-tier) 中央集權式(One-tier) (Two-tier) COBOL DataBase MIS Client/Server Web Computing 企業e化(ERP+B2B) C Java 主機時代 後PC UNIX Windows Linux Main Frame Computer PDA IA PC WAP,GPRS,3G Cluster 電腦發明 第一代電腦 ENIAC WLAN, WiMAX IBM 360 IBM 370 CRAY Deep Blue Grid Cloud Computing 2000 2012 2010 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Y2k

  4. 網路發展過程Development of Network • 1960-：網路源起(The rise of network) • Bitnet(VAX, digital Inc.,學術網路), IBM Network(商業網路, VAN) (獨立網路) • ARPANET: TCP/IP (1968-) • 1980-：Internet(學術網路) • WAN：TCP/IP (網路進入網網相連時代), VAN(商業網路) • LAN：Ethernet, Token Ring(IBM) • 1990-：World-Wide Web(第一代) • HTML (1989-) (網路進入多媒體時代) • 2000-： World-Wide Web(第二代) • XML (1998-) (網路進入自動化資訊處理時代)!!! • IPv6: 下一代網際網路?！(2012 IPv4用完) • IPv6-Mobility/IPv6-Security • 2005-：服務基礎架構SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) • Web Service Architecture • 2007- : 下一代網路NGN (Next Generation Network) • Convergent network匯流網路 • 2008-: 雲端計算Cloud Computing • SaaS, PaaS, IaaS

  5. Network, Internet, Web, XML • Network: 網路 • 資料網路(Data Communication) : IP network • 電話網路(Telecommunication):VoIP • 電視網路(Cable Network):IPTV,VoD • 行動網路(Mobile Network): WAP • 匯流網路(Convergent network): Quad-Play • Internet : 網際網路 • 廣域網路(WAN), 區域網路(LAN) • 分散式計算(Distributed Computing) • Web：資訊網 • HTML • XML：技術平台 • 不是單純的一個語言 • 半個電腦語言 • 只有Syntax • Functions和Commands 由User自訂 XML Network Internet Web XML

  6. Internet時代(Internet Era)(1995-) • Internet滲透到企業和家庭(Internet used in Enterprise and Home) • 骨幹網路(Core Network)：T1到光纖(FTTx) • 最後一哩(Last Mile);接取網路(Access Network)：撥接到寬頻(dial up to broadband) • 資訊上網(Information posted on Internet)：第一代全球資訊網(generation 1 Web technology) • 多媒體資訊上網(multimedia used on Internet) • 新型態的資訊爆炸(information explode)

  7. 資訊全自動化時代的趨勢(2000-) • Internet滲透到個人24小時的活動(Ubiquitous) • Backbone骨幹網路：頻寬不再是問題 • Last Mile：寬頻和無線雙網 • IP網路(IP network)、電話網路(Telecommunication, phone network)、電視網路(Cable TV, TV network)、行動網路(Mobile network)四網整合(integration): called convergent network • 計算資源無限制(unlimited computing resources)：格網(Grid)整合(grid computing) • SAN (Storage Area Network) ：可延伸伺服器(Scalable Server)+大記憶容量(RAID) • Cloud Computing • 資訊處理全自動(information automation)：XML • E-Commerce E-Business

  8. “Anytime Anywhere Anything and Automation on Any Device”: 5A 網路時代(5A era) XML-based Web Resources PDA Web Service (Agent Computing) Cloud Computing

  9. XML的影響The Influence of XML • XML是使電腦軟體工業質變的導火線 (XML changes the computer software industry and technology) ICP Content XML (Internet Content Provider) IDC Software (Internet Data Center) Web Service Service ASP (Application Service Provider) JAVA

  10. 程式處理與XML(XML and Computer Programs) Program txt txt Program xml xml Web Service soap soap message message Web Application

  11. 下一代全球資訊網(一)Next Generation WWW 以Internet Workflow整合服務和內容知識(Internet workflow technology to integrate web knowledge and services) • 全球性網路整合知識庫(integrated web knowledge) • 全球性網路整合服務(integrated web services) web data web data web service web service web data web data web service web data web data

  12. 下一代全球資訊網(二)Next Generation WWW • 第一代Web (Generation 1 Web): HTML • 網頁資訊Web Data (for human; GUI) • 第二代Web (Generation 2 Web): XML • Web Data: Semantic Web (XML網頁)可形成整合知識庫的知識網頁(integrated web knowledge) • XML Schema/RDF/OWL (for human & machine) • Content Registry/Repository (ebXML)(OODBMS) • Web Service: 可透過網路動態整合的網路服務Web program, Web software (XML訊息) (integrated web services) • SOAP/UDDI/WSDL (for human & machine) • BPEL (internet workflow) • Cloud Computing • SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS(Platform as a Service), IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)

  13. Markup Language的歷史(History) • 1969: GML (Generalized Markup Language)登月年 • Ed Mosher, Ray Lorie, Charles F. Goldfarb (IBM Research) • 1986: SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) • ISO(International Organization for Standard) ISO-8897 http://www.iso.ch • Metadata (詮釋資料、後設資料、元資料) • 1989: HTML • Tim Berners Lee (CERN, MIT) • data + presentation • 1998/2: XML (The ASCII of the Web) • W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) http://www.w3.org • Subset of SGML • XML(data+metadata), XSL(style sheet; presentation) • http://www.w3c.org/TR/REC-xml

  14. 何謂XML?(What is XML) • eXtensible Markup Language延伸標記語言 • 具有詮釋資料的網頁語言(a webpage language which has metadata) • XML具有樹狀結構的語法，可依應用需求訂定詮釋資料與功能(XML has tree structure syntax, but with the flexibility to define its own metadata and functions)

  15. XML、HTML、SGML的比較 Example: SGML Document <!DOCTYPE email [<!ELEMENT email O O ((to & from & date & subject ?), text) ><!ELEMENT text – O (para+) ><!ELEMENT para O O (#PCDATA) ><!ELEMENT (to, from, date, subject) – O (#PCDATA) >]><date>10/12/99<to>you@yours.com<from>me@mine.com<subject>Happy New Year <text>I just mailed to say …

  16. Example: XML Document <?xml version=”1.0”?> <books> <book category=”reference”> <author>葉耀明</author> <title>COBOL與檔案技術</title> <price>200</price> </book> <book category=”fiction”> <author>J. K. RowLing</author> <title>Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire</title> <price>450</price> </book> </books>

  17. Example: XML Document(中文) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="Big5" ?> <產品搜尋> <摘要>搜尋字串：“滑鼠 鍵盤”，共找到 2 筆</摘要> <產品> <貨號>12478943</貨號> <品名>手不痛健康滑鼠</品名> <定價>$234</定價> <說明頁 網址="http://foo.bar/mouse/12478943">上市發表會</說明頁> </產品> <產品> <貨號>83424723</貨號> <品名>打不響靜悄悄鍵盤</品名> <定價>$067</定價> <說明頁 網址="http://foo.bar/kbd/83424723">產品特性</說明頁> </產品> </產品搜尋>

  18. Example: HTML Document <HTML> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER>硬體</H1> <FONT FACE size=2>顯示卡</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>誠洲</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>世旻電腦</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>張大明</FONT>

  19. SGMLvs.XMLvs.HTML • SGML是長時間存放的電子文件語言(SGML is for long-term electronic document and operational menu ) • SGML建置費用高，大都在MainFrame 平台(SGML mainly on mainframe computer and high installation cost) • XML是網頁文件語言、資料交換語言、資料處理語言、文件整合語言．．．(XML can be web document language, data exchange language, data processing language, document integration language) • XML的應用範圍幾乎沒有限制 (the application for XML is almost unlimited) • HTML是網頁呈現語言、超文件語言(HTML is Webpage presentation language, hypertext language)

  20. XML文件(Document) • 文件內容document content(metadata+data) • XML(eXtensible Markup language) • 結構定義document structure (Structure+ metadata Definition) • DTD(Document Type Definition) • XML Schema (DTD+Datatype) • 顯示document presentation (Presentation) • XSL(eXtensible Stylesheet Language) • XSLT+XHTML+XPath+(XLink)

  21. 從HTML到XML B2B電子商務 結構定義 Structure Definition .dtd /.xsd 配角二 E-commerce Data + 多媒體呈現 Data + metadata .xml 主角 網頁呈現 資料結合 + 多媒體呈現 Web Page Presentation 配角一 .xsl .htm

  22. HTML的限制(Limitations of HTML) • HTML只提供資料呈現功能 HTML provides only data presentation • 瀏覽器作業機制受限(單一語言和應用)Browsers provide single language mechanisms • 網頁搜索不精確 Webpages search are not concise • 擴充困難 The extension of HTML is difficult • 網頁邏輯關係不易建立(網頁分級、認證) Webpages can not build logical relationship • 單方向鏈結產生Dangling Link問題 hypertext provides single direction, which results in dangling link • Web資源限於瀏覽器無法讓其他應用使用Web resources are limited for the browsers only

  23. XML的優點(Advantages) • 開放平台：open, platform-independent • Vocabulary: 可以依Application Domain 定義tag • An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data that is used as the medium for information exchange, often within a specific domain of human activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for example) • Semantic tag(語意標籤)：資料處理用 • Function tag(功能標籤)：呈現或特殊處理用 • Program Readable • 可以做為任何程式的輸入資料(as the input data of any program) • 可以讓電腦自動讀網頁(program can read web page) • 可以讓網路兩端的程式做各種功能的自動對話(remote programs can use XML document as data exchange and dialog)

  24. Web New Framework新架構：瀏覽器 • XML改變了瀏覽器的內部結構(Client Side) XML changes the browser design structure • HTML Interpreter  XML Parser • XML使“Hypertext”網頁變成“Application”網頁(Server Side) XML changes hypertext webpages into application webpages • Application Software Browser Software • One-Page Web Application

  25. Client Side of Web-HTML 瀏覽器Browser 呈現模組 presentation 直譯器interpreter URL Execute Validate Parser HTML File HTTP Server

  26. Client Side of Web-XML 瀏覽器Browser URL 應用程式 Application 呈現模組 presentation XML Parser Document Handler Validater XML File HTTP Server Java, ASP

  27. DOM on the Client Side 瀏覽器 Browser DOM Engine XSL Engine XHTML Engine XSL Tree DTD/XML Schema Engine XSLT XML Parser 呈現模組 Presentation Application URL Validater XML File Document Handler XSL File Result Tree XML Tree XHTMLTree HTTP Server

  28. XML, XSL與HTML <html> <head> <title>人事表</title> <body> <table border="1" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td>張愛玲</td> <td>02/21/1947</td> <td>記者</td> <td>賴文山</td> <td>閱讀書籍、看電視、游泳、慢跑</td> <td><div STYLE="COLOR:red">peter@abc.com.tw</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td>吳大明</td> <td>01/21/1952</td> <td>律師</td> <td>蔡麗美</td> <td>閱讀書籍、睡覺</td> <td><div STYLE="COLOR:red">allan@promax.com.tw</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td>陳惠惠</td> <td>03/11/1947</td> <td>護士</td> <td>黃承人</td> <td>看電視、游泳</td> <td><div STYLE="COLOR:red">yah@ice.ntw.net</div></td> </tr> HTML檔

  29. XML, XSL與HTML(續)

  30. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="BIG5"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href=“pdb.xsl"?> <Pdatabase> <PersonData> <name>張海琳</name> <birth>02/21/1947</birth> <occupation>記者</occupation> <spouse> <wife>賴文山</wife> </spouse> <interest> 閱讀書籍、看電視、游泳、慢跑 </interest> <email>peter@abc.com.tw</email> </PersonData> <PersonData> <name>吳大明</name> <birth>01/21/1946</birth> <occupation>國中老師</occupation> <spouse> <wife>蔡麗美</wife> </spouse> <interest> 閱讀書籍、睡覺 </interest> <email>allan@promax.com.tw</email> </PersonData> <PersonData> <name>陳惠惠</name> <birth>03/11/1947</birth> <occupation>護士</occupation> <spouse> <husband> 黃承人</husband> </spouse> <interest> 看電視、游泳 </interest> <email>yah@ice.ntw.net</email> </PersonData> </Pdatabase> XML, XSL與HTML(續) XML檔

  31. XML, XSL與HTML (續) <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl"> <xsl:template match="/"> <HTML> <BODY> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5"> <xsl:for-each select="Pdatabase/PersonData"> <TR> <TD><DIV STYLE="FONT-WEIGHT:bold"><xsl:value-of select="name" /></DIV></TD> <TD><xsl:value-of select="birth" /></TD> <TD><xsl:value-of select="occupation" /></TD> <TD><xsl:value-of select="spouse" /></TD> <TD><xsl:value-of select="interest" /></TD> <TD><DIV STYLE="COLOR:red"><xsl:value-of select="email" /></DIV></TD> </TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </BODY> </HTML> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> XSL檔

  32. Web 新架構：Server端 • XML改變Web Server的網頁管理模式XML change the webpage management mechanism of web Server • File System Management: each file • Hierarchical Data Model Management: each Data Item • Outside XML document: URI, RDF (semantic web) • Inside XML document: XPath • XML增加了網頁閱讀者族群 XML includes new webpage readers • Human Reader • Machine Reader: Intelligent Mobile Agent; Web Crawler爬蟲程式

  33. Web Architecture with XML Relational Data XML or HTML Document HTTP Server with scripts Java Servlet JSP, ASP Application Server Programs and Agents XML Document Hierarchical Data HTTP Server

  34. XML Hierarchical Data Model OWL: Ontology Tree Knowledge Model RDFS: Object Oriented Data Model RDF: 網頁間Basic Knowledge Model XML Schema:網頁內(inside document)data model HTML:file 無no data model concept XML Web address: URI+XPath Web address:URL 基本單元(Basic Unit):element(data item) 基本單元(Basic Unit):File

  35. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) URL (Uniform Resource Locator) URN (Uniform Resource Name) 網路上的資源 電腦內的資源 URI

  36. 新一代網址New Generation Web Address • URI(Uniform Resource Identification) • URL(Uniform Resource Locator): remote resource • URN(Uniform Resource Name): local resource • XPath • Data item address in a XML document • 註：RDF: give semantic property & value for resource

  37. XML家族與技術平台XML Family & Tech Platform XML技術平台(Tech Platform) Web Services SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, XProtocol XML as Data XML Schema, Namespace, XPath, XQuery, RDF, OWL XForms,,XLink,XPoint, XML Visual Presentation XSL,XHTML,CSS, SVG,WML XML Core XML Syntax, DTD, Parser(DOM/SAX) XML在各領域及電子商務標準 (XML Domain Specific & eCommerce Standards) XML Vocabulary ebXML , SVG ,SMIL, MathML,VoiceXML,Rossetanet, SCORM, XBRL,HL7

  38. XML 標準的發展過程XML Family Development • 11/1996：XML Working Draft • 確定W3C對Web的發展方向 (Web Tech Direction) • 2/1998：XML Recommendation • 確定Web文件的統一格式 (New Webpage format) • 11/1999：XSLT & XPath Recommendation • 確定XML文件的呈現機制 (New Webpage Presentation mechanism) • 05/2001：XML Schema Recommendation • 確定XML文件的資料處理機制 (New webpage data processing mechanism) • 07/2001：SOAP, ebXML 1.0 • 確定XML式的網路服務機制 ( Web Services mechanism) • 全球電子市集基礎標準：新一代電子商務平台 (B2B e-commerce platform) • 2002: Web Services (UDDI/WSDL/SOAP) • 2003: SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) • 2007: • Semantic Web Architecture的發展 • SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)的發展, GRID格網 • 2008: Cloud Computing 雲端計算

  39. Core XML(eXtensible Markup Language) XML 1.0 Recommendation(1998/2/10;5th Edition 2008/11/26) XML 1.1 Recommendation (2004/2/4;2nd Edition 2006/8/16) • XML Namespaces Recommendation(1999/1;2nd Edition 2006/8/16) DTD(Document Type Definition) Recommendation(ISO standard) DOM(Document Object Model) • Level 1 Recommendation ,1998/10;2nd Ed. 2000/9/29 • Level 2 Recommendation,2000/11/13 • Core, Views, Events, Style, traverse and Range, HTML • Level 3 Recommendation, 2004/4/7 • Core, Load&Save, Validation, XPath, View&Formatting SAX(Simple API for XML) (Notes)

  40. XML Visual Presentation XSL(Extensible Stylesheet Language) 1.0 2001/10/15, Transformation(Recommendation)1999/11/16; XSLT 2.0 Working Draft 2005/9/15 XSL-FO(Formating Object) 2006/12/05 (XSL 1.1) XPath (Recommendation)1999/11 CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) Level 1 Recommendation1996/12 Level 2.1 Candidate Recommendation 2007/7/19 XHTML(Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) XHTML1.0(Recommendation)2000/1: from HTML 4.01 XHTML1.1(Recommendation)2001/5/31(Module-Based) XHTML2.0 Working Draft 2006/7/26 XHTML-Basic(Recommendation)2000/12/19 1.1 Candidate Rec. 2007/07/13 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) HTML5: 2010/6/24 SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) (Recommendation )2001/9 1.1 Rec. 2003/1/14 SVG 2.0 Working Draft 2005/4/13 SVG Mobile Rec 2003/1/14, SVG Print WG 2007/5/1 Silverlight by MS: SVG+SMIL WML(Wireless Markup Language): display 2G

  41. XML as Data • XML Schema (Recommendation )2001/5/2 1.1 WD 2006/2/17 • Primer, Structure, Datatypes 2004/10/28 Component Designators WG • Linking: XLink (Recommendation)2001/6/27 • XPointer (Recommendation)2003/3/25 • XML Base Rec. 2001/6/27 • Querying: XQuery (Recommendation) 2007/6/23 • XML-QL(Notes IBM), XQL(Notes MS) • XForms 1.0 (Recommendation)2006/3/14; 1.1 • RDF(Resource Description Framework) Rec. 1999/2 Rev. 2004/2/4 • Syntax, Schema, Primer, Concepts and Abstract Syntax, Semantics, Test Case • OWL(Web Ontology Language)Rec. 2004/2/10 • Overview, Guide, Reference, Semantics and Abstract Syntax, Test Case, Use Case and Requirement, XML Presentation Syntax • SPARQL:

  42. Web Services(By W3C, OASIS) • SOAP 1.2(Simple Object Access Protocol)(Rec) 2007/4/27 • XML-RPC(Remote Procedure Call)(Notes), WDDX(Web Distributed Data Exchange) (Notes), WIDL(Web Interface Definition Language) (Notes) • XML Protocol (Working Draft)2001/7/9 • OASIS: SOA • WSDL • UDDI • …

  43. XML Vocabulary • Computer Vocabulary • SMIL(Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language)(Recommendation )1998/6 SMIL2.0 Proposed recommendation 2001/6 • P3P(Platform for Privacy Preference Project)(Candidate Recommendation) 2000/12/15 • XML Encryption(Recommandation)v1.0 2002 v1.1 2009/07/30 • XML Signature(Recommendation)2002/2/14 v1.1 2009/07/30 • XMI(XML Metadata Interchange): by OMG, UML diagram • X3D: Virtual Reality • VoiceXML (Voice eXtensible Markup Language)2000/3 • CDF(Channel Definition Format) (Notes), SGF(Structured Graph Format), XUL(XML-based User Interface Language), BML(Bean Markup Language), CPML(Call Policy Markup Language), WebCGM (Computer Graphics Metafile Standard) (Recommendation )1999/1, PGML(Precision Graphics Markup Language) (Notes)…

  44. XML Vocabulary -eCommerce EDI(Electronic Data Interchange)XML • Business Vocabulary: • Vertical Specification • RosettaNet • XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) • GCIP(Global Commerce Internet Protocol) • OTA (Travel Industry) • IFX(Interactive Financial Exchange) • Horizontal Specification • ebXML • BizTalk Framework, XML/EDI, CommerceXML(cXML) • CBL(Common Business Library) XML垂直規範(Vertical) XML水平規範(Horizontal) XML基礎標準(Foundation)

  45. XML Vocabulary -Continued- • Scientific Vocabulary: • CML(Chemical Markup Language), • MathML 2.0 (Recommendation)2001/2 • BSML(Bioinformatic Sequence Markup Language) • IML(Instrument Markup Language), • AIML(Astronomical Instrument Markup Language) • Education Vocabulary • SCORM(Sharable Content Object Reference Model) • QTI(Question and Test Interoperability ) by IMS • LIP(Learner Information Package )by IMS • LMML(Learning Material Markup Language) • TML(Tutoring Markup Language) • Legal Vocabulary • XFDL(Extensible Forms Description Language) • Medical Vocabulary • HL7(Health Level 7)

  46. W3C與XML 社會面 Social 技術改良 Tech Improvement 技術創新Tech Innovation Web Services Semantic Web Voice Browser XForm Xencryption / XSignature SMIL SOAP OWL VoiceXML Accessibility WCAG XLink MathML SVG XProtocol RDF SSML P3P DOM XML Schema XSL XML

  47. XML相關標準的組織與規範XML Related Standards & Organizations 官方標準 業界標準 Proprietary技術 De Factor標準組織 De Jury標準組織 國際協會 International Organization 國家官方 National Official 業者Local Vendors 跨國業界 International Vendors 國際業界 國際官方 International Official Rosettanet ANSI IEEE IETF CNS ISO IBM VoiceXML RFC系列(TCP/IP) W3C WSFL OSI系列 XML系列(WWW) Microsoft BizTalk OMG UML ODBC UN/CEFACT UDDI CORBA SOAP OASIS SOA TAMInet UDDI/WSDL IMS EDI系列 ebXML

  48. 網路技術重要標準組織Internet Related Organizations • Internet標準(Internet Standards) • IEEE/IETF • RFC系列 • Web基礎標準(Web Foundation standards) • W3C • XML系列 • Web應用技術標準(Web Application Tech Standards) • OASIS • SOA系列

  49. 台灣在XML的導入應用Taiwan XML Applications • 電子化公文系統(e-document workflow)：行政院研考會(1999-2001) (XML, DTD)(e-document exchange application) • B2B電子商務計畫(B2B e-commerce project)：經濟部(1999-) • A計畫、B計畫：資訊流 (Rosettanet)電子業electronic industry B2B • C計畫：金流 (banking exchange) • D計畫：物流 (logistics exchange) • E計畫：協同設計(Design cooperation) • 產業電子化標準計畫：傳統產業B2B(traditional industry B2B) • E-Taiwan共通平台計畫(e-Government Service Platform)：行政院研考會+各單位(2002-2008) (Web Services) • 國家型數位學習計畫(National e-Learning Project)：國科會(2002-2007) (SCORM) • 國家型數位典藏計畫(National Archie Project) ：中研院(2000-)(Dublin Core) • 註：IPv6建置發展計畫：交通部電信總局(2003-2007)

  50. 第二代全球資訊網技術重要特性Web Tech Generation 2 Characteristics • 以XML為基礎的電子商務(XML-based E-Commerce)：ebXML • 以XML為基礎的數位學習(XML-based e-Learning)：SCORM • 以XML為基礎的資料倉儲(XML-based Data bank)：Registry/Repository (ebXML) • 個人化網頁結合XML技術提供全方位軟體介面(Personal Webpage with XML tech)： • 任何裝置都可上網(Any device can access Web pages)：XHTML-Basic, WML

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