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Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Extension Beef Specialist University of Kentucky 2009 ANR Update

Preconditioning Cattle & Lowering Phosphorus Inputs for Beef Mineral Supplements. Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Extension Beef Specialist University of Kentucky 2009 ANR Update. Demonstration Effort. UK Agents worked w/ local producers & KBN On-farm weight at / near weaning

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Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Extension Beef Specialist University of Kentucky 2009 ANR Update

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  1. Preconditioning Cattle & Lowering Phosphorus Inputs for Beef Mineral Supplements Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Extension Beef Specialist University of Kentucky 2009 ANR Update

  2. Demonstration Effort • UK Agents worked w/ local producers & KBN • On-farm weight at / near weaning • Expenses for health, supplement, hay, mineral, transportation and labor • No Equipment / Overhead Expenses • Labor general assumption 15 min/d + 12 hr • Larger # and/or silage/haylage est. 45 min/d • Weaning Value avg. of weight for the week weaned at the location calves sold w/ 3% Shrink

  3. Farm Data

  4. Costs • Health = Avg. $11.08 / hd • Supplement = Avg. $46.73 / hd • Forage = Avg. $16.82 / hd • Mineral = Avg. $5.66 / hd • Miles to Market = Avg. 38

  5. Preconditioning Costs

  6. 2008 Feed Cost of Gain

  7. General Observations • Stress Hay Quality (avg. NEg = 0.18) which may result in sub-par performance when combined with rate of feeding supplement at 1% of BW or less • Run 600 lb calves w/ 8 lbs of 1:1 + 9 lbs Hay – Predicted ADG = 2.1 lb/d • Stress weaning transition on performance • Limited time to “compensate” in short backgrounding • Producers may be overlooking about 20-30% of preconditioning costs (marketing, labor, transportation)

  8. Phosphorus • Lehmkuhler’s rationale • Producers held accountable for environmental impact • Increased scrutiny on management, especially inputs such as N, P, K, & likely Cu, Zn, etc… • Economically, Phos inputs should be monitored • Can we have our cake and eat it too? • Lower P inputs be both environmentally & economically favorable?

  9. Feedlot Data Suggests P Requirement Lower than NRC Levels • Erickson et al., 2002 75% of NRC

  10. Finishing Diets – No need for supplemental P in corn-based diets • Most Feedlot Nutritionists no longer add P • Corn coproducts (gluten feed / distillers) add more P than needed (Corn – 0.23% P vs. DDG 0.8%) • No reason to use a 6% phos mineral when feeding 25% or more of these coproducts

  11. P Requirements for Stockers • 1996/2000 NRC BEEF • Maintenance = 16 mg P / kg Body weight • Gain = 3.9 gm P / 100 g Retained Protein • 550 lb steer gaining 1.75 lb/d = 11.0 gm P / d • Coefficient of Absorption = 68% • Daily need = 11 / 0.68 = 16 gm P Consumed

  12. Forage P Level to Meet Requirement • 16 gm P needs to be consumed daily • Assume a DM intake of 2.6% of BW • 550 lb / 2.2 lb/kg = 250 kg BW • 250 kg * 0.026 = 6.5 kg DM intake = 6,500 gm • (16 gm P / 6,500 gm DM)*100 = 0.25% P

  13. Yearling Steers in Northern Plains a b a b Add’l 5 gm Phos/d 0.17- 0.21% 0.18- 0.18% 0.19- 0.22% 0.16- 0.17% 0.12- 0.16% Forage [P] Karn, 1997

  14. Heifer Growth Response 0.14% 0.36% Call et al., 1978 7-13 gm P/d 23-33 gm P/d

  15. Performance Holstein Stockers Brokmanet al., 2008

  16. Intake & Excretion of P Holstein Stocker Steers * P < 0.05 * * NRC TM = Trace Mineral Salt Only TMDC = TM+DicalPhos 6% P Brokmanet al., 2008

  17. Are Recommendations Correct? • Requirements correct? • Coefficient of Absorption accurate? • Effect of forage maturity on P bioavailability? • Use best, most current information available

  18. Phosphorus Accretion Rate • Gibson et al., 2002 – OK Beef Report • Stockers grazing Wheat Pasture • Phos Accretion = Based on wt and rate of gain 26.7 gm P / kg Empty Body Protein Retained • NRC Predicted P needs = 39 gm P / kg Protein • 26.7 / 39 = 68% of NRC

  19. Coefficient of Absorption • 2001 Dairy NRC • Use of BW not appropriate (Beef Maint P uses BW) • Use DM intake for Maint. Phosreq’t • Suggest Coeff Absorption Fxn of [P] • Coeff Absorption = 1.86696 – 5.01238 * [dietary P] + 5.12286*[dietary P]2 • Where 0.22% and less = 100% or 1.0

  20. Coefficient Impact on Needs • 16 lb DMI Mixed Hay / Grain ration (dairy 1:1) similar to supplementing 1% of BW to calves • To meet 11 gm Phos • Roughly 30% lower diet

  21. Reproduction Revisited From: Ferguson and Sklan. Ed. Pfeffer & Hristov, 2006 Authors Conclude: “…dietary P does not seem to have a major impact on reproduction until dietary concentrations are below 0.10%.”

  22. Forage P Levels 1 Samples collected in 2003 & 2004 fescue and fescue / legume only; 292 samples 2 Average of 607 samples collected in WV 3 Average of 56 samples of hay from beef operations from 17 counties in WI • On average, Forage [P] exceed requirement • BUT several samples that below requirement needing supplementation

  23. Using Corn-based Coproducts?

  24. Distillers Grains, Syrup, Gluten Feed Poor Ca:P ratios, excess P and deficient Ca levels combined w/ marginal to excessive S

  25. Phosphorus Replacement - CGF & DGS • Backgrounding & Stocker Supplement • Assume 0.5% & 1% BW for 500 lb calf • 2.5 lbs to 5 lbs • Assume 1:1 mix SH:CGF or DDGS only • 0.45% Phos 1:1 mix & 0.7% Phos in DDGS

  26. Reduce P in Mineral Supplements Often need higher [Ca] in Mineral to maintain Ca:P

  27. Seasonal Farm Forage P Supply WisconsinCow-Calf Herd – Avg. 2004-2006

  28. 2009 Demonstration Farms Lactating Dry

  29. Strategic P Supplementation • Cow Herd w/ Managed Pasture Fertility • Using a Custom Trace Mineral Salt Mix • Monitor Intake of Mineral, Forage P Conc. Pre-Calving Calving 3-6% P & Hi-Mag Breeding / End 1 – 3% P 2 – 0% P Wean / Gestation 1 – 0% P 2 – 3% P

  30. UK IRM Mineral – OK? • Yes – Still above average “complete” mineral • Based on 1992 NAHMS HAY data • Custom Trace Mineral Salt based on similar values, excluding Ca & Phos • Proposed program for individuals serious about fine-tuning nutrition program to save $$

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