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MZR: A Multicast Protocol based on Zone Routing

MZR: A Multicast Protocol based on Zone Routing. Vijay Devarapalli Nokia Research Center Dr. Deepinder Sidhu Maryland Center for Telecommunications Research. Presentation Overview. Introduction to MZR Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols Zone Routing Protocol

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MZR: A Multicast Protocol based on Zone Routing

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  1. MZR: A Multicast Protocol based on Zone Routing • Vijay Devarapalli • Nokia Research Center • Dr. Deepinder Sidhu • Maryland Center for Telecommunications Research MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  2. Presentation Overview • Introduction to MZR • Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols • Zone Routing Protocol • Details of how MZR functions • Performance Analysis • Conclusions MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  3. Introduction to MZR: What is MZR? • It’s a source initiated on-demand multicast routing protocol • Builds a multicast delivery tree rooted at the source based on the zone routing protocol • Does not depend on any underlying unicast protocol for global routing substructure Why Multicast? • Ad hoc network collaborative computing MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  4. Proactive versus Reactive Proactive Routing Protocols • Exchange routing information periodically to maintain an up-to-date routing table • React to each network topology change • Problems: • High percentage of bandwidth used for routing information • Only a small fraction of the control traffic may be used MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  5. Proactive versus Reactive Reactive Routing Protocols • An initial route discovery process • Minimal reaction to topology change • Problems • Route information may not be available at the time of route request • The route discovery process is typically implemented as a global flood-search procedure • Explosion of control traffic MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  6. Zone Routing Protocol • Hybrid (proactive and reactive) routing protocol • Proactive procedure limited to node’s local neighborhood (zone) • Global search is carried out by querying selected (border) nodes MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  7. Details of MZR Zone Construction and Maintenance • Each node constructs a zone around itself using a pre-configured radius • Zone Routing Table built using ADVERTISEMENT packet • Periodic advertisements keep routing table up-to-date • Interior and Border nodes can be identified using the Zone Routing Table MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  8. Details of MZR Multicast Tree Creation • For each multicast session a tree rooted at the source is created. • The tree is identified by <source, group> pair • Multicast route entry consists of: • Multicast session id • <source, group> pair • IP address of upstream node • A list of the downstream nodes MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  9. Details of MZR Multicast Tree Creation (continued) • Tree Creation is a two step process: Step 1: Extend tree inside zone • Source sends a TREE-CREATE to each zone node • As the TREE-CREATE packet is propagated reverse routes are created at each intermediate node • An interested node replies with a TREE-CREATE-ACK • The TREE-CREATE-ACK is sent back through the reverse route • As it propagates, the multicast route entry is completed and activated MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  10. Details of MZR Multicast Tree Creation (continued) MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  11. Details of MZR Step 2: Extend tree to the entire network • Source sends a TREE-PROPAGATE message to border nodes • On receiving the TREE-PROPAGATE the border node does the following things: • Sends a TREE-CREATE packet to all its zone nodes and the procedure described in Step 1 is followed • Once it is done with the zone nodes it sends a TREE-PROPAGATE message to its border nodes MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  12. Details of MZR MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  13. Details of MZR Routing Mechanism • Source starts transmitting once the multicast delivery tree is created • Internal nodes of the tree replicate received data packets and send a copy to each node on the downstream list • Transmission to a downstream node is stopped once that node migrates MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  14. Details of MZR Maintaining up-to-date routing information • Timer for each route entry • Stale route entries removed on time-out • To keep routes active within multicast session source sends TREE-REFRESH packet MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  15. Details of MZR Reaction to Link Breaks • Downstream nodes responsible for detecting link breaks • On detecting a link break the downstream node initiates a global search using the zone routing mechanism • Similar method to Tree creation: JOIN JOIN-ACK JOIN-PROPAGATE MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  16. Details of MZR Leaving a multicast group • When tree member wants to leave the group it sends an TREE-PRUNE message to its upstream node • The upstream node removes the node from its downstream list • If the downstream list of an intermediate node becomes empty then it sends a TREE-PRUNE to its upstream node MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  17. Performance Analysis Simulation Model • 50 mobile nodes moving according to the random waypoint model on a 500m x 500m 2D grid • Running time of simulation was 300 seconds • Transmission range is set to 100 meters • Link capacity assumed to be 2 Mbps MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  18. Performance Analysis Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Node Mobility • PDR = D / N • D  number of data packets actually delivered to multicast group members • N  total number of packets that were supposed to be delivered MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  19. Performance Analysis Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Node Mobility MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  20. Performance Analysis Routing Overhead and Node Mobility • Ratio of control packets sent versus all packets sent MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  21. Performance Analysis Routing Overhead and Multicast Group Size MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  22. Performance Analysis Packet Delivery Ratio and Multicast Group Size MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

  23. Conclusions • New source initiated, on demand multicast routing protocol for ad hoc networks • Builds a multicast delivery tree and does not depend on any underlying unicast mechanism • Every multicast receiver in the ad hoc network joins in finite time • Scales well for different group sizes and different mobility speeds MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks based on Zone Routing

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