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Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP. Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Salt River Project Sarah Sleasman- 4 th Grade teacher, Excelencia Elementary Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach, Tolleson School District. Introductions and logistics Basics of Magnetism Electromagnets
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Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Salt River Project Sarah Sleasman- 4th Grade teacher, Excelencia Elementary Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach, Tolleson School District
Introductions and logistics Basics of Magnetism Electromagnets Basics of Electricity Simple, Series, and Parallel Circuits Electricity Generation Wrap up and Resources Agenda
1st Magnetism Activity • “Magnetic Characteristics” • Procedures: • Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from • Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet • Test their predictions with a magnet
What is Magnetism? • Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickel • Can be permanent or temporary
Magnetism Basics Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit Magnetism N S • Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles • Opposite poles attract • Like poles repel All magnets have lines of force extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them
Magnetic Field Magnetic lines do not cross each other. The lines go from North to South on the magnet. Magnetic Lines of Flux N magnet S
N S N S Pulling Magnets Attracting Each Other
N S N S Pushing Apart Magnets Opposing Each Other
N magnet S 2nd Magnetism Activity • Magnetic Lines of Flux
What are the characteristics? • North and south poles • “di”-poles • Break the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets • 3 dimensional field of attraction • Transfer magnetic properties
Where do magnets come from? • Nature • Man-made materials from: • Ceramic • Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt) • Flexible rubber-like material • Created using current (electricity)
3Rd Magnetism Activity • Make an electromagnet with: • Wire • Iron bolt or nail • Battery 1.5volts • Compass
Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life • Homes • Door bells • Microwaves • TV’s • Speakers • Hard Drive • Electricity • Schools • Whiteboard Magnets
4th Magnetic Activity • Paperclip Pick-up • Procedures: • Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.) • Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!) • Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)
Magnetism Activities • “Magnetic Characteristics” • “Lines of Flux” • “Electromagnet” • “Paper Clip Pick Up” • Summarize findings & Review class worksheets
Safety Note • Always be careful around electricity. • Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity. • Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less) • Take care to prevent shorts on batteries • Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short) • Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use • Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries or generators.
Electricity Basics Electricity is….. • The flow of electrons • The energy supplied by batteries and generators (current electricity) • The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity) • A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)
All Matter is Made up of Atoms MATTER (Diamond, coal) ELEMENT (Carbon, Oxygen) ATOM (particles)
Atoms What is an Atom? • The smallest component in all things • Made up of three smaller particles • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) • Strive for stability • Charged atom = ion
Particles with opposite charges attract each other. _ _ + + Opposites Attract Attraction
Stable atoms have equal protons and electron Stable atoms have no charge Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create stability +++ --- +++ -- ++ - - - Stable Atom Positive Ion Negative Ion Charged Atom (Ion)
Static Electricity • The imbalance of positive and negative charges • Example: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightning
+ - + + - + - - + + - + + - - + - - Static Electricity • Start with a doorknob – no charge • Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged • Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away. - - - - - - -
+ - - + - + - + + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. - - - - - - -
+ - + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. • Now you and the doorknob have the same charge. + + + +
1st Electricity ActivitY • “Opposites Attract”
2nd Electricity Activity • “Fun with Styrofoam and Tape”
Electricity & Ben Franklin Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) • 1740’s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges that maintain a balance except when influenced by some means. • 1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge. Led to his invention of the lightning rod.
Current Electricity • Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom • To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. • Generator • Batteries
3rd Electricity Activity • Demonstration of Electromotive Force • “Flow of Electrons”
Electricity Activities • “Flow of Electrons” • “Fun with Styrofoam” • Demonstration of Electromotive Force • Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets
What is a circuit? • A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through. • Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positive
Make a Simple Circuit • Procedure: • Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb light • Allow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light • Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit. 1st Circuit Activity
What makes a simple circuit? • A simple circuit consists of: • A source - battery or generator • Conductors (path for current to flow) • An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnet
Open Circuit Closed Circuit • A break in the pathway • Electricity cannot flow • A complete pathway • Electricity is able to flow Open and Closed Circuits
2nd Circuits Activity Conductor vs. Insulator Experiment
Conductors • Materials that pass electricity easily • Examples: • Copper • Silver • Gold • Aluminum • All other metals
Insulators • Materials that resist electricity flow • Examples: • Wood • Rubber • Porcelain • Glass • Air • Cloth • Paper
Voltage & Current • Voltage • Electric potential difference between two points • Pushes electrons • Measured in Volts • Supplied by batteries, generators (electric outlets), fuel cells, etc. • Current • Flow of electrons • Measured in Amps • 1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second (Coulomb)
Pressure Pressure Voltage is like Pressure Water • Higher pressure pushes water to flow faster • You can have pressure without flow Electricity • Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current) • You can have voltage without current
Flow Flow Current is like water flow Water • Flow of water • The pressure determines how fast the water moves through the pipe • There is no water flow without pressure Electricity • Flow of electrons • The voltage determines how fast the electrons move through the wire • There is no current without voltage