Welcome to WEBAP Wave Energized Baltic Aeration Pump OXYGEN PUMPS

1. Welcome to WEBAP Wave Energized Baltic Aeration PumpOXYGEN PUMPS Powered by nature – Imitating nature – Restoring nature How we can use nature to restore marine environments before it is too late. Use the touch screen to navigate through various items using the menu or next/previous buttons.

2. Eutrophication has many effects (7) Summer blooming of cyanobacteria • algae blooming • phosphorous-depending cyanobacteria • dead bottoms and hydrogen sulphide (1) Nitrogen is emitted to waters (2) Spring blooming of plankton Ecological and biological problems, large future economic problems for tourist- and fishery industry in the Baltic region. (6) Phosphorous is released (3) Algae die (4) Algae are de-composed which consumes oxygen (5) Bottoms get anoxic

3. Extent of oxygen-depleted bottom water In the Baltic Sea Worldwide

4. Need for action? • Doesn’t the Baltic take care of itself? • How affects and is the Baltic affected by climate change? • Can technical solutions help in a long term? Why do we think we need actions also in the Baltic and not only at sources? • There sure is a good monitoring of sources and these sources can be abated? • The Baltic in imbalance? Weakening of natural processes? Restore the Baltic Sea self-cleaning biogeochemical processes?

5. WEBAP: Aim Improved oxygen situation in deep water layers • Species that are dependent on conditions in deep water, would get a better environment and opportunities for reproduction. • Solved inorganic phosphorus released due to the reducing conditions in the bottom sediments will be bound in complexes and thus reduce the inorganic nutrient concentrations in the water. Yet: • 2-6 million tons of oxygen needed each year! • Enormous amounts of energy to pump oxygen down to 80-120m depth! Mission impossible?!

6. WEBAP: How? The use of natural resources: • Source of energy: waves • Source of oxygen: oxygen-rich surface water Advantages: • Oxygenation & mixing • Simple and robust design with no moving parts • No need for electricity

7. WEBAP: Planning and design • 18 tests with different wave conditions • mooring forces • Pump capacity for each wave spectra • Stability • Optimal ramp (30˚is optimal) • other details

8. WEBAP: Pilot I Facts • 14 m with, variable ramp • faces waves at all conditions • outlet at 75m depth Measurements • Pump-capacity, wave parameter, currents, CTD-profiles, sediment, forces, stability, behaviour, etc. Operation period • November 2010 to April 2013 (with interrupted operationbetween December 2010 to July 2011)

9. WEBAP: Pilot II Facts • 2,5 m in diameter, variable pump-capacity between 1-4m3/s • maximal effect use 5 kW • outlet at 100m depth Measurements • Pump capacity, CTD-profiles, sediments, metals, nutrients, currents etc. Operation period • April 2011 to September 2012

10. WEBAP: Monitoring • Online monitoring • Field expeditions • Water and sediment samples • Historical data

11. WEBAP: Evaluation • Data evaluation • Modeling regional large scale impacts • Laboratory tests Ecotoxicology

12. Results • Measurements and mapping of the lack of oxygen in the area indicate that the lack of oxygen in the pilot areas is more widely spread than previously estimated • Measurements confirm the estimated pumping capacity at different wave heights • Large scale implementation modeling establishing that the technique does not affect the salinity stratification • Modeling for the Gotland Deep based on field data show oxygenation of the whole area down to the seafloor after only five years

13. More results • Tests with sediment and organisms from the pilot sites show no adverse effects of oxygenation • Potential to bind up to 100 000 tones of phosphorus, which can be compared with the annual land supply of around 30 000 tones /yrand the environmental objective to reduce this load by 15 000 tones /yr • Several setups for different conditions (waves, etc.) • Modeling of pumping in Kanholmsfjärden based on field data shows effect of oxygenation not only in Kanholmsfjärden but also in adjacent bays due to the high water exchange

14. Even more results • Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Lifecycle Cost (LCC) analyses indicates that the WEBAP is the most sustainable and cost-efficient alternative

15. Developed WEBAP-systems 1) Wave powered for large-scale application at sea, maybe in combination with other offshore installations.

16. Developed WEBAP-systems 2) Biofuel-powered for coastal applications in the absence of wind or waves.

17. Developed WEBAP-systems 3) Wave powered for both inshore and offshore applications. Future: solution combination? • Aquaculture? • Research station? • Tourism/Recreation • Energy platform? • Entrance to the Baltic?

18. Dissemination an awareness increase Newspaper, conferences, TV, notice boards, homepage, Facebook, reports, exhibition, flyer, seminars, radio, etc.

19. Photo documentation Press a thumbnail in order to see a larger version of an image!

20. Project partner & collaboration partner Project group • IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute • KTH – Royal Institute of Technology • Municipality of Simrishamn Collaboration partner (selection) ÅboAkademi University, KIMO - Local Authorities International Environmental Organization, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Erken Laboratory, Österlen Trade Society, Marint centrum, Österlens Fishing Association, Xylem Inc, Reinertsen, BWN consulting, MarincenterSyd, Konceptfabriken, MJK, Högmansövarv, Ressel, etc Collaboration with other projects BOX, PROPPEN, SEABED, Innovative Aquaculture Åland Islands

21. More information Homepage:www.webap.ivl.se Contact: Christian Baresel christian.baresel@ivl.se Tel:+46-8-598 56 406 facebook.com/Wave-Energized-Baltic-Aeration-Pump-Webap