CEFPI Midwest Great Lakes Regional Conference

1. CEFPI Midwest Great Lakes Regional Conference April 23, 2009

2. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time Presented by: Terrance R. Liette, PE, LEED AP Fanning/Howey Associates, Inc.

3. Fanning/Howey…who are we? • 47 years specializing in K-12 planning and design • Complete and cost-effective in-house design services: • Architecture • Engineering • Site • Technology • Interiors • Ohio School Facility Commission (OSFC) experience • Green (LEED) experience

4. Terrance R. Liette, PE, LEED AP…who am I? • Executive Director of Fanning Howey Engineering Group • Principal • 27 years experience, all with Fanning/Howey • Registered Professional Engineer in 18 states • LEED Accredited Professional

5. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Today’s agenda… • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer • Selecting the right HVAC system for the project • LEED and the impact on HVAC system design and construction • System performance criteria • Construction administration…role and goals • Project commissioning and HVAC systems • After construction is complete, warranty and maintenance

6. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Integrated project design • Energy Star target

7. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Integrated project design: • Initial energy model integrated with architect’s 3-D package • eQuest or any program running with DOE-2 engine • Establish targets for the building envelope construction together • Determine impact from orientation runs • Adjust massing models to determine the greatest impact

8. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Energy Star target: • Always compare to the Target Finder for Energy Star. See www.energystar.gov for more information.

9. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design Geothermal Water-source Heat Pump? Chilled Beams? Displacement Ventilation?

10. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC system option

11. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time

12. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision

13. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment

14. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Drawings

15. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time Typical Classroom Design Development Phase

16. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time Typical Mechanical Room Design Development Phase

17. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Drawings • Specifications } Detailed quality control check

18. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Drawings • Specifications • Energy modeling targets

19. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Drawings • Specifications • Energy modeling targets • Commissioning agent review

20. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time

21. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Cost estimating support

22. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Cost estimating support • Value engineering approach

23. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Cost estimating support • Value engineering approach • Bidding support

24. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Expectations of the HVAC design engineer… • Assist the architect with energy modeling • Develop HVAC options specific to the proposed facility design • Analyze annual energy impact directly related to each HVAC option • Present valid data to school district stakeholders for decision • Continued analysis of building energy model as design progresses, always looking to make adjustments for reduced energy and improved indoor environment • Phase submission documents • Cost estimating support • Value engineering approach • Bidding support • Construction administration, being on the job at the project site

25. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… • 21st century systems for consideration

26. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • 21st century systems for consideration: • Variable Air Volume systems • Ground Source Heat Pump systems (geothermal) • Displacement Ventilation systems • Thermal Ice Storage • Chilled Beam applications • Active • Passive • Combined with induction air/displacement ventilation • Variable Refrigerant Volume systems

27. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… • 21st century systems for consideration • Always share the advantages and disadvantages

28. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time Fan Powered VAV

29. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time Fan Powered VAV

30. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… • 21st century systems for consideration • Always share the advantages and disadvantages • Energy should have an impact, but should not be the only measurement

31. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Energy should have an impact, but should not be the only measurement: • Consider expectations of the school district • Consider the value of the local service companies • Consider the utilities available in the area • Consider the first cost implications to the budget…what can you really afford to buy on bid day? • Consider acoustical impact (background system noise)

32. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… • 21st century systems for consideration • Always share the advantages and disadvantages • Energy should have an impact, but should not be the only measurement • Maintenance considerations

33. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Maintenance considerations: • Determine the level of expertise within the maintenance department of the school district…it will vary greatly from district to district • Develop an understanding of the existing systems in the school district…do they want or expect continuity with some manufacturers of the HVAC equipment (i.e., pumps, temperature controls, boilers)? • What are some of the new considerations on the market…are they truly tested or would you and the school district be the guinea pig? • Life cycle of the system…how long before replacement of components is required?

34. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Selecting the right HVAC system for the project… • 21st century systems for consideration • Always share the advantages and disadvantages • Energy should have an impact, but should not be the only measurement • Maintenance considerations • Decision made by the stakeholders based on quality data

35. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EA Prereq 2 – Minimum Energy Performance Intent:To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems. Requirements:Design the building project to comply with both the mandatory provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 and the prescriptive requirements or performance requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 and The project must establish an Energy Performance Rating goal for the facility design using EPA’s Target Finder rating tool.

36. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EA Prereq 3 – Fundamental Refrigerant Management Intent:To reduce ozone depletion. Requirements:Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in the new base building HVAC&R systems.

37. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EA Credit 1 – Optimize Energy Performance Intent:To achieve an increasing level of energy performance above the baseline to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use. • Requirements:Achieve at least 14% savings over baseline performance per ASHRAE 90.1-2004 for a minimum of 2 points using one of the following methods: • Whole building energy simulation per 90.1-2004 Appendix G • Advanced Buildings Core Performance • New Buildings Institute • ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 Schools

38. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EA Credit 4 – Enhanced Refrigerant Management Intent:To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to global warming. Requirements: Option 1: Do not use refrigerants or Option 2: Select refrigerants and HVAC&R that minimize or eliminate the emission of compounds that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming

39. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EA Credit 5 – Measurement & Verification Intent:To provide for ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. Requirements:Develop and implement a Measurement & Verification (M&V) plan consistent with Option D (Calibrated Simulation) or Option B (ECM Isolation) as specified in the IPMVP Vol. III. Period shall be for no less than 1 year of post construction occupancy and must include a process for corrective action if savings are not achieved.

40. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EA Credit 6 – Green Power Intent:To encourage the development and use of grid-source renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis. Requirements:Provide at least 35% of the building’s electricity from renewable sources by engaging in at least a 2-year renewable energy contract. Renewable sources are defined by the Center For Resource Solutions (SRS) Green-e products certification requirements.

41. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Prereq 1 – Minimum IAQ Performance Intent:To establish Minimum IAQ performance to enhance IAQ in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well being of the occupants. Requirements:Meet the minimum requirements of Sections 4 - 7 of ASHRAE 62.1-2004.

42. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Prereq 3 – Minimum Acoustical Performance Intent:To provide classrooms that are quiet and in which teachers can speak to the class without straining their voices and students can effectively communicate with each other and the teacher. Requirements:Design classrooms and other core learning spaces to meet the Reverberation Time (RT) requirements of ANSI S12.60-2002. Also, design classrooms and other core learning spaces to meet the Sound Transmission Class (STC) Requirements, excepting windows, which meet a STC of at least 35 and Option 1 – use methods in ANSI S12.60-2002 to achieve a minimum background noise level in classrooms or other primary learning spaces of 45 dBA. or Option 2 – design classrooms and other core learning spaces using the methodology listed in the 2003 HVAC Applications ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, and achieve a RN(C) Mark II level of 37.

43. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Credit 1 – Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Intent:to provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well being. • Requirements:install permanent monitoring systems that provide feedback on ventilation system performance to ensure the ventilation systems maintain design-minimum ventilation requirements. The system must generate an alarm when conditions vary by 10% or more from the set point. • For mechanically ventilated spaces, monitor CO2 in all densely occupied spaces. CO2 monitoring locations shall be between 3’ and 6’ above the floor • and • For each system serving non-densely occupied spaces, provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor airflow rate with an accuracy of ±15% of the designed minimum as defined in ASHRAE 62.1-2004.

44. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Credit 5 – Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control Intent:to minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants. • Requirements:design to minimize and control pollutant entry into buildings and later to cross-contaminate occupied areas: • Permanent entry way systems at least 6’ in direction of travel. • Where hazardous gasses or chemicals may be present, exhaust to create negative pressure with respect to adjacent spaces. • Provide air filters of MERV 13 or better. • Provide contaminant drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of hazardous liquid wastes in places where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs for laboratory purposes.

45. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Credit 6.2 – Thermal Comfort Controllability Intent:to provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specified groups in multi-occupant spaces to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants. • Requirements:provide individual comfort controls for 50% (minimum) of the building occupants in workspaces • and • provide comfort controls for all multi-occupant spaces. • (Conditions for thermal comfort are defined in ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 – air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and humidity.)

46. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Credit 7.1 – Thermal Comfort Design Intent:to provide a comfortable environment that supports productivity and well-being of occupants. • Requirements:design HVAC systems to meet requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.

47. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • LEED and the impact on the HVAC system design and construction • LEED credits most impacted by the HVAC system selection • EQ Credit 10 – Mold Prevention Intent:to reduce potential for mold in school by preventive design and construction methods. • Requirements:achieve the following credits: • EQc3.1: Construction for IAQ Management: During Construction • EQc7.1: Thermal Comfort: Design • EQc7.2: Thermal Comfort: Verification • and • Design HVAC to have a RH of 60% or less under all load conditions, both occupied and unoccupied • and • Develop and implement an IAQ management plan based on an EPA document (reference 402-F-91-102).

48. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • System performance criteria… • Each classroom environment needs independent system control • Specifically control the breathing zone • Humidity control improves room comfort and saves the building components • Outside air requirements…the correct amount to meet code and enhance the room environment • Only treat the spaces as they are being used…reduce overall energy during course of school day • Performance criteria should be reviewed and agreed upon by the Commissioning Agent

49. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Construction administration… • Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day • Preconstruction Meeting • Structured agenda with set goals • Communication routing • Paperwork routing • Process expectations

50. HVAC Design/Construction… Getting it Right the First Time • Construction administration… • Set expectations with the Contractor from the first day • Preconstruction Meeting • Pre-installation Meeting (immediately before installation starts) • Detailed review of technical specifications • Clarify expected installation techniques • Quality expectations set