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Advanced Data Analysis and New Methods in Cosmic Rays Research at the 23rd ECRS 2012

This poster presentation reviews significant findings and advancements in the analysis of cosmic rays (CR) using PAMELA and other instruments presented at the 23rd ECRS in Moscow, July 2012. It focuses on data analysis techniques, instrumentation developments, and theoretical insights involving fractionally charged particles, anisotropy, and energy distribution of cosmic rays. Notably, it discusses improvements in particle identification, ongoing projects, and new detection methods that enhance our understanding of cosmic phenomena.

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Advanced Data Analysis and New Methods in Cosmic Rays Research at the 23rd ECRS 2012

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  1. 23rd ECRS-2012 SINP, MSU, Moscow, 3-7 July, 2012 Poster reviewing Primary CR_1: E<1PeV (38 posters) Piero Spillantini, University and INFN, Firenze, Italy

  2. Outline 1) Data and data analysis with Pamelapcr_1_353,383,452,473,477,641,643,659 with ARGO-YBJpcr_1_389,476 with ATIC-2 pcr_1_456 with Doch-4A pcr_1_536,537 with Carpet-2 pcr_1_576 ‘Fractionally charged’ pcr_1_733 2) Instruments and methods New project pcr_1_319, Prototypespcr_1_527, 544, 556 Statuspcr_1_391,538 New methods cr_1_541,549,623,627,638,723,724 3) Theory and Phenomenology pcr_1_165,184,196,464,516,518,571,665

  3. Data and data analysis: PAMELA

  4. 353 • stand-alone trigger in calorimeter  GF: 20  600 cm2sr  3000 ev in 5y • reconstruction by multistep fitting • isotropy map creation (5°x5°)

  5. 383 • Work in progress on identification capability for light nuclei isotopes with multiple de/dx in cal. • expect provide new data of 6Li, 7Li, 7Be and 9Be, separation 9Be-10Be seems possible

  6. 452 et al. • DRD model fit better e+ flux at low energies • PD and DR models fail to describe data

  7. 473 TOF stand-alone Calorimeter stand-alone Slow-down effect

  8. 477 • Improvements of the d identification  enhanced p suppression + decrease systematics • improvements: truncated mean values of de/dx in tracker + added de/dx in 6 TOF counters

  9. 641 • PAMELA covers full sky search for global anisotropies possible • search at large scale anisotropies (30°-90°) for e- and e+ with E>40 GeV + around SUN direction • preliminary: arrival directions consistent with isotropic expectation

  10. 643 • L-shell 1.12-1.5 available for PAMELA, peak of pitch-angular distribution is narrow • angular resolution <4°, e>60 MeV, 5 year statistics • measured quasitrapped on boundary of rad belts ane HE (>1GeV) trapped and quasi-trapped • - result: p, e-, e+ local and equatorial pitch-angular distributions

  11. 659 • Antip selection with Multivariate analysis • increased statistics (2800 antip) and energy range

  12. Data and data analysis: other

  13. 389 • Data with zenith<15° and core in 40x40 m2, correlation with pressure and temperature • CR generated in 100 GeV-4PeV, shower simulated by CORSIKA • medium energy p 4.5-56 TeV, He 9-90 TeV

  14. 476

  15. Arrival direction  information on source distribution + propagation medium + diffusion • anisotropy 10-4-10-3 in TeV CR arrival direction in angular scalea 10°-180° • new details of CR distribution in 10°-70°

  16. 456 (Z=16-24)/Fe (Ti+V+Cr)/Fe • Upturn can be understood with CG+B (B: bubble with embedded sources) model • Upturn near 200-300 GeV/n predicted but index 2.5

  17. 536 -Continous operation of ‘Doch-4M,A’ could not reproduce ‘Erzions’ found in Doch-4 in 1999 - many material used to convert neutral Erzions in charged detectable Erzions - New device used in 2012 once was not able to reproduce previous results

  18. 537

  19. 576

  20. 733 - In Aragats a group of 4e/3 charge events with HE (>80GeV) - In ATIC-2 ‘additional events’ with ionization 0.53 of proton

  21. Projects, instruments, New methods

  22. 527

  23. Prototype of PRISMA project, run on the NEVOD basis • 32 new type ‘en.detectors’ sensitive to em component and hadrons (through thermal n). • thin inorganic scintillator (ZnS(Ag) + LiF enriched with 6Li) sensitive to thermal n (fast • response, 50 photoelectron per n-capture) • - Seeking EAS core position, size (Nn) and age (using em component)

  24. 540 156.5 TASC - FEC PD 540 SIA+TID SIA 120 Electronics Electronics 448 448 240 IMC IMC IMC - - - FEC FEC FEC 32 32 32 IMC 156.5 20 MAPMT MAPMT MAPMT TASC - FEC PD 95 95 95 TASC 240 20 100 100 320 320 712 712 319 Mass 650 kg Power 650 W Launch date FY 2014 Launch carrier HTV-5 Acceptance: 0.12 m2sr e, p-Fe 0.10 gammas 0.40 ultra heavy nuclei Energy resolution: 2% e, gammas @ E>100 GeV 40% p @ 1TeV 30% nuclei @ 50 GeV/n Angular resolution <1° Charge resolution 0.15-0.30 for Z=2-26 e/p rejection power 105 • - Can identify possible signatures from nearly SNRs (e.g. Vela) in e spectrum • Has the potential to detect e and gamma signals from dark matter annihilation/decay • With excellent energy resolution 2% • Can measure the spectra of individual elements in CRs with unprecedented accuracy • Approaching the ‘knee’ region • Ultra heavy nuclei up to Z=40 in 5 y • B/C up to 5TeV/n (5y)

  25. 544 • Low/moderate solar activity in June 2011: used to investigate response large modular CR det. • smart design: assembling new CR monitors with He counters in different length • registered intensity well accounts for the macro prturbations in near Earth Space

  26. 556 • New kind of track-pits, with specific pit-form and very small size • CN-85 exposed on satellite in 1995 • considered very short (<3mm) tracks (solar protons and stopping recoil nuclei) • from layer-to-layer investigation: a three of pit swarm correlated with the end • of the track formed by high ionizinf primary charged particles (stopping of • oegative charged Herzions?)

  27. 391 Deployed on ISS and taking data from May 2011 - tracker: expected behavior, stable on temperature, pedestals, noise

  28. 538 • 3 well known counters BP28 + 12 new model LND2061 • Preliminary: the two types are compatible • New acquisition board used

  29. 541 • Study of EAS offers a unique way to extract p-air interaction cross section • Pointed out some limitation of standard technique • New approach involving simultaneous measurement of absorption of EAS • and attenuation of electron component is proposed

  30. 549

  31. 623

  32. 627

  33. 638 (n) (p) - GEANT4 simulation framework PLANETOCOSMICS - Good agreement with Data

  34. 724 • - One half of p events had no track in the EC • New geometrical reconstruction tested on ¼ of events • Both methods give the same result • An unknown component could be present in the primary particle flux • Processing of additional events necessary to obtain significant data

  35. Theory and computations

  36. 165 Hig energy neutrons used for investigating gas and dust in Kuiper belt

  37. 184 Antip and antin -Atmosf. Antip and antin (5-300 g/cm2) by CORSIKA - Hadronic interactions SYBILL & FLUKA - Match well BESS-2001 in 1-3GeV

  38. 196

  39. 464 464 • -First order Fermi diffuse shock acceleration unifying factor production HE particles • Differential index determined by Mach number (2.5 for CR) • Knee due to decreasing number of sources for >1014 eV • Spectrum calculated by solving first-order Fredhom equation comprising convolution • of first Fermi equation with increasing particle rigidity

  40. 516 • Fractional diffusion model to describe propagation from sources • e- and e+ injected by sma sources wityh same index (2.85) • e+/e increases to 0.22 for >100GeV

  41. 518 • Proposed an Anomalous Diffusion (AD) model for solving the ‘knee’ problem • Anomaly from large paths length between magnetic domains • Contribution r<1kpc and t<105 y sources defines spectrum and provide knee • Behavior of H/He observed by PAMELA reproduced An

  42. 571 • Proposed an Anomalous Diffusion (AD) model for solving the ‘knee’ problem • Simulationof random walk processes in one-dimensional case • p(r) distribution from MC agrees with analitical solution (fig.1) • p(r) at different times • Finitness of velocity on shape is neglegible

  43. 665

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