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Evolutionary Relationships of Winged Lice and Body Lice in Shorebirds

This thesis explores the specialized relationships between various louse species (Anoplura and Phthiraptera) and their specific host birds and mammals. The study highlights the evolutionary history of these parasitic insects, focusing on their phylogeny and adaptation. Through a detailed examination of shoreline birds, including their migratory behaviors and ecological niches, the research aims to answer questions regarding the significance of lice in understanding broader evolutionary patterns.

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Evolutionary Relationships of Winged Lice and Body Lice in Shorebirds

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  1. Tales of the flying Earth… Background to the PhD thesis of Daniel Gustafsson Vincent S. Smith

  2. By Gilles San Martin

  3. By Gilles San Martin

  4. Lice - specialist parasites

  5. Lice – adapted to their hosts

  6. Lice – wingless, but can “hitchhike”

  7. Lice – wingless, but can “hitchhike”

  8. Host specific

  9. Niche specific

  10. Birds Mammals Louse evolution (phylogeny) Suborder Family Genus Anoplura 532 Phthiraptera: Insecta Rhyn… 3 3,060 Ischnocera Avian Ischnocera 1,344 Amblycera

  11. Louse evolution (phylogeny) Suborder Family Genus Phthiraptera: Insecta Rallicolidae Quadraceptinae Rallicolidae sensu Eichler, 1963 Lunaceps (wing louse) Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939 Esthiopteridae sensu Eichler, 1963 Esthiopteridae Carduiceps (body louse) Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939

  12. The Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) • A truly global bird order • High Arctic (gulls & terns / måsfåglar & tärnor) • Antarctic (sheathbills & skuas / slidnäbbar & labbar) • Seashore (e.g. many sandpipers & plovers/ snäppor & pipare) • High mountains (Ibisbill, & seedsnipes / ibisnäbb & frösnäppor) • Exclusively marine (auks / alkor) • Steppes and savannahs (buttonquails & coursers / springhöns & vadarsvalor) Golden Plover (B. Tørrissen) Ivory Gull (jomilo75) Snowy Sheathbill (D. Jensen) Ibisbill (V. Sabharwal) Puffin (Boaworm) Three-banded Courser (S. Garvie)

  13. Scolopaci: beckasiner och avvikande vadarfåglar • Contains familiar groups of shorebirds • E.g. curlews, redshanks & allies, snipes & woodcocks & the sandpipers • Many exhibit extreme migratory behavior • Often flocks contain several species Overwinter in flocks (shores of Africa, Australasia & South America) North South Isolated in summer breeding localities (high Arctic or temperate zones)

  14. Comparing evolutionary histories Wing-lice Body-lice Shorebirds

  15. Wider significance Migration routes Wing-lice Body-lice Shorebirds

  16. Wider significance Migration routes Wing-lice Body-lice Shorebirds

  17. Questions?

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