20 th century music

1. 20th century music 1900-NOW

2. Monday

3. What major things have changed in the 20th Century? Wars Economy The Great Depression Stock Market Crash Our current financial woes • World War I • World War II • Korean War • Vietnam War • Cold War • Iraq War (1 & 2) • War on Terrorism CAUSES • Civil Rights Movement • Woodstock • Women’s Rights

4. Inventions/Pop Culture Explosion of Musical Genres Jazz Rock Punk Alternative Serialism Atonal Heavy Metal • TV • Radio • Computer • Internet • Space Race • Atomic Bomb • Cars • Planes • Fast Food

5. TONE COLOR and MELODY Melody is very vague in the 20th century. Composers advocated atonality ( non-melodic sort of composition ) Composers began to use new scales to base their melodies on which created new sounds. Whole Tone Scale: divides the normal scale into six equal parts. All intervals between notes are the same size. • In modern music, noise-like and percussive sounds are often used and instruments are often played at the very top or the very bottom of their register. Uncommon playing techniques have become normal. • In the 20th century, instruments are not place into strict groups. Usage of instruments are all up to the composer's whim. It may be as little as 1 person and it may be as much as one thousand

6. Tuesday

7. Bring on the dissonance! • In the 20th century music becomes more complex. • Harmony becomes more and more dissonant. • The change in the 20th century came when composers no longer felt that dissonant chords needed to have a resolution. • Music became so dissonant that Atonal music came to be. Atonal music is where no specific key could be determined either by reading or listening to the music.

8. Arnold Schoenberg 1874-1951 • Born: September 13, 1874, ViennaDied: July 13, 1951, Los Angeles, California • Austrian composer. Schoenberg's development of the twelve-tone method of composition was a turning point in twentieth-century music • began his musical studies on violin at age 8 • With his Suite for Piano, he began writing in a fully twelve-tone musical language

9. Igor Stravinsky 1882-1971 • Born: June 17, 1882, Oranienbaum, RussiaDied: April 6, 1971, New York • Came from a music family • Pianist and Conductor • Known for his rhythmic innovations to music • Wrote several important ballet’s: The Rite of Spring* and Firebird. (*Start at 3 minutes)

10. Wednesday American Composers

11. Aaron Copland 1900-1990 • Born: November 14, 1900, Brooklyn, New YorkDied: December 2, 1990, Tarrytown, New York • Copland began his study of music with piano lessons from his older sister • His early music mixes very modern musical ideas with hints of jazz influence • While Copland never abandoned the more adventurous style (including, later in his life, twelve-tone composition), he is best remembered, and justly so, for creating a truly American symphonic style as in Fanfare for the common man.

12. John Cage 1912-1992 • Born: September 5, 1912, Los Angeles, CaliforniaDied: August 12, 1992, New York • Cage was the son of an inventor • During this period his music is marked by strict, mathematically devised proportions of time. He filled these segments with new sounds, including different objects used as percussion (brake drums, for example), electronic sounds, and prepared piano (a piano with objects placed between the strings to modify pitch and timbre). • One of his greatest orchestral works is 4 minutes 33 seconds