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HISTORY

HISTORY. OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Proto Indo European. Began in. Elbe river. about. 3000 years ago. We know about it from. Reconstructed vocabulary. Cognates. Refered to. Learned from. Barley Wheat Flax Apples Cherries Grapes Vines Mead Beer.

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HISTORY

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  1. HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

  2. Proto Indo European Began in Elberiver about 3000 yearsago Weknowaboutitfrom Reconstructedvocabulary Cognates Referedto Learnedfrom Barley Wheat Flax Apples Cherries Grapes Vines Mead Beer Words of commonorigin in differentlanguages Agricultural Tecnology Sistematicsoundchanges Grimm’slaw Substratumeffect Winter Snow Birch Beech Pine Wolf Salmon Bear Otter One language is systematically influenced by the languages of a subjugated group. p → f (ped/foot) t → ө (tu/thou). k→ h (cord/heart) d → t (duo/two) g → k (genu/knee). Climate and geography

  3. PROTO INDO EUROPEAN CommonGermaniclanguage East Germanic Gothic. Modern Scandinavianlanguages North Germanic West Germanic Modern German, Dutch, Flemish, Frisian, and English.

  4. Primitive Old English Period I-UMLAUT POE LANGUAGE BRITAIN 450-700 AD A kind of assimilation Advance in written language (runic inscriptions) Invaded by Celts (500 BC) Change in frontvowelstowardstheend of a wordaffectsthevowel of a precedingsyllable. Invaded by Romans (except Scots and Picts) Consonant changes • /k/= /tʃ/ cild - child • /g/= /j/ gieldan – yield • /sk/= /ʃ/ skall – shall • /f/= /v/ half - halves Weak Celts seek for help Germanic Tribes POE wordMann (man) and the plural Manniz > menniz > menn (men). JUTES ANGLOS SAXONS Invaded Britain

  5. Vikings and their Influence on English History. 1st Viking attacks Bad organized plundering 800 A.D. English resistance consisted on was More serious attacks Stealing lands Lack of unity 850 A.D. led to Vikings controlled large part of England Strongest saxon kingdom attacked Wessex was 875 A.D. from King Alfred Leader Guthrum TheVikings Danes from a.k.a. agreed Vikings leave Wessex alone and accept Christianity Treaty of Wedmore Danelaw establishing

  6. bank, birth, booth, egg, husband, law, leg, root, score, sister, skin, trust, wing and window Nouns English to awkward, flat, happy, ill, loose, low, odd, sly, ugly, weak, and wrong Everydaywords Adjectives Provide DANES to cast, clip, crawl, cut, die, drown, gasp, give, lift, nag, scare, sprint, take, want., and the present plural of ‘to be’, are spoke Scandinavian a.k.a Verbs Norse both, same, they, them and their Pronouns

  7. The Old English Period INLFUENCE FROM OTHER LANGUAGES HIGHLY SYNTETIC LANGUAGE 700-1100 ad Inflectional endings signal grammatical function of words Jutes, Anglos and Saxons were Christianized Celtic: Place Names (Thames, Kent, London, York, Avon) Adopt roman alphabet and produce Christian literature Latin: War (camp, streat, mil) Trade (ceap, pund, win) DomesticLife (cuppe, cycene, disc) Food (ciese, buttere, pipor) Religion (abbot, altar, candle, demon) Word order is less important Grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive and dative. Adjectives has inflectional endings and verb system too Scandinavian: Wordsgivenbyvikings and Anglo-Saxons.

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