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Exploring the Basics of Chemical Reactions and Compounds

This course covers the fundamentals of chemical reactions and compounds, teaching students the concept of matter, atoms, molecules, elements, and compound formation. Examples such as caffeine, water, and common compounds are provided to clarify these concepts. The process of chemical reactions and the conservation of mass are also explained. By the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how compounds are formed and the principles that govern chemical reactions.

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Exploring the Basics of Chemical Reactions and Compounds

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  1. Science 5 Physical Science

  2. Standard/s Covered Students will learn… • what a chemical reaction is. • how compounds are formed. • how formulas of compounds provide information on its composition.

  3. REVIEW • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Air, water, and pencil are all examples of matter. • Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. These atoms constantly move. • Molecules are formed when atoms combine. • Some molecules exhibit crystalline shapes: the particles occur in well-ordered patterns.

  4. A compound is formed when elements (or atoms) combine through a chemical reaction. The particles making up a compound are called molecules. Caffeine, found in coffee, is a compound made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. C8H10N4O2 is the formula for this compound.

  5. These terms may be confusing… • Atoms: the basic building block of matter. • Elements: There are 105 different elements on Earth, each represented by 117 different kinds of atoms. • Atoms combine in specific ratios to form compounds. Each particle representing a compound is called a molecule.

  6. Examples… • Water is a compound. The formula is H2O. Two atoms of Hydrogen combined with one atom of Oxygen to form one molecule of water.

  7. Other common compounds: A molecule of ammonia. This compound has the formula NH3. A molecule of Carbon dioxide. The compound’s formula is CO2.

  8. Molecules are formed through a process called chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, molecules break up to form entirely new compounds.

  9. How is salt (NaCl) formed? 2Na  +  Cl2    2NaCl Sodium metal is silver and shiny. Salt is harmless, white, makes food taste better! Chlorine gas is a greenish gas that is very poisonous.

  10. In a chemical reaction… • The properties of the reactants (substances that entered the reactions) are very different from the properties of the product/s (substances that are produced).

  11. No mass is “lost” or “gained” in a chemical reaction.The mass of the reactants equal the mass of the products.

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