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Comprehensive Review of Computer Architecture for Exam Preparation

This review covers essential topics in computer architecture tailored for exam preparation. It includes key concepts such as languages, levels, and virtual machines, the evolution from mechanical devices to VLSI, and the Von Neumann architecture. The guide discusses CPU components like the Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and registers, alongside instruction formats and categories. It contrasts compiled vs. interpreted languages, and RISC vs. CISC architectures, while also exploring memory hierarchy, parallelism, binary number systems, and bitwise operators. Essential for any computer science student.

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Comprehensive Review of Computer Architecture for Exam Preparation

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  1. Computer Architecture review for exam 1

  2. Introduction • languages, levels, and virtual machines • mechanical, vacuum tubes, transistors, ICs, VLSI • Von Neumann machine • bus • instruction format (opcode + operands) • CPU parts (CU, ALU, regs)

  3. Instructions • Instruction categories (reg2reg, reg2mem) • Instruction execution steps • Compiled vs. interpreted languages • Families of CPUs/computers • Hardware vs. interpreted instructions • RISC vs. CISC

  4. Memory and parallelism • Memory hierarchy • Design principles of modern computers • Parallelism and parallelism types • Instruction level • Pipelines, Superscalar architectures • Processor/core level • Array, Vector, Multiprocessor/multicore, Multicomputer, COWs (cluster of workstations)

  5. Binary numbers • Bits and bytes • Representation • Conversion • Conversion between bases 2, 8, and 16 • Ranges of values (for a given number of bits)

  6. Bitwise operators • Unsigned integers • byte, short, int, long or long long • &, |, ~, ^, <<, >>

  7. Binary arithmetic • + and * in general • representing positive and negative integers: • signed mag • 2’s complement • 1’s complement • excess bD-1 • Addition of positive and negative integers

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