DO NOW: What do wood, a marshmallow and gasoline all have in common?

1. DO NOW: What do wood, a marshmallow and gasoline all have in common?

2. They all have stored chemical energy that can be used for energy!!!!

3. CHAPTER 7.1 SUNLIGHT POWERS LIFE

4. OBTAINING FOOD • All organisms need food for energy and building materials

5. AUTOTROPHS • An organism that makes its own food • AKA (also known as) producers • Photosynthesis- uses the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen

7. HETEROTROPHS • Organisms that cannot make their own food • AKA consumers • Get food from producers or other consumers

8. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • The process that uses oxygen to make ATP

10. EQUATIONS

18. CLASS WORK/exit slip • 1. Define autotroph and heterotroph, and give an example of each.2. Explain the role of food (glucose) in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.3. Explain how life on Earth depends on the sun.

19. CHAPTER 7.2 FOOD STORES CHEMICAL ENERGY

20. INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY • Energy- the ability to perform work • Energy cannot be created or destroyed • Two main types • Kinetic • Potential

21. KINETIC ENERGY • The energy of motion • Thermal Energy- random kinetic energy of molecular motion

22. POTENTIAL ENERGY • Stored energy due to an objects position or arrangement • Chemical Energy- potential energy of food

25. CALORIES: UNITS OF ENERGY • Calorie- the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

26. Men:  BMR = 66 + (13.7 x W) + (5 x H) - (6.8 x Age) = Daily calories required • Women:  BMR = 665 + (9.6 x W) + (1.8 x H) - (4.7 x Age) = Daily calories needs • Where: • W = weight in Kgs (1 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms) • H = Height in cms ( 1 foot = 12 inches, 1 inch = 2.54 cms) • Age = Years

27. Sedentary - none or very little exercise = BMR X 1.2 • Light activity for average of 2 days/week = BMR X 1.375 • Moderate activity level exercising  4 days/week = BMR X 1.5 • High activity levels exercise & sports more than 6 days/week = BMR X 1.7 • Higher activity levels = up to 2 x BMR

28. CLASS WORK • 1. Identify the types of energy you have at the top of a staircase and as you go down the stairs.2. Explain how your body uses chemical energy during exercise.3. If a food has 10 kcal of energy, how much could it increase the temperature of 100 g of water?

29. CHAPTER 7.3 and 7.4 ATP PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK ELECTRONS “FALL” FROM FOOD TO OXYGEN DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION

30. ATP • Adenosine tri-phosphate • Energy is held between the phosphate groups

31. In the Figure, an ATP molecule contains potential energy, much like a compressed spring. When a phosphate group is pulled away during a chemical reaction, energy is released.

32. CELLULAR WORK • Mechanical • Contractions of a muscle • Transport • Pumping solutes across a membrane • Chemical • Building large materials

34. THE ATP CYCLE • ATP releases energy to become ADP • ADP gains energy to become ATP

35. CELLULAR RESPIRATION and BREATHING • Aerobic- a process that requires the use of oxygen • Breathing is the process of the exchange of gases • Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down sugar to make energy

37. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN • A series of transfers where electron carriers pass electrons on to other carriers

39. Class Work • 1. In what way is ATP like a compressed spring?2. List three main types of cellular work.3. What is the source of energy for regenerating ATP from ADP? • 1. Compare and contrast breathing and cellular respiration.2. List the reactants and products in cellular respiration.3. What is meant by the "falling" of electrons to oxygen? How does this process release energy?4. How does an electron transport chain result in the gradual release of energy stored in glucose?

40. Chapter 7.5 CELLULAR RESPIRATION CONVERTS ENERGY IN FOOD TO ENERGY IN ATP

41. STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA • Two membranes • Highly folded inner membrane • Matrix (liquid) • Outer membrane

43. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • A process ALL cells go through • Metabolism- all the chemical processes of a cell • Three Stages • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase

45. GLYCOLYSIS • Splitting of sugar • Cytoplasm • Starts with glucose and 2 ATP • Ends with 2 pyruvic acid and 4 ATP

47. KREBS CYCLE • Breaking down of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide • Mitochondria

49. ETC/ ATP SYNTHASE • Mitochondria • ATP Synthase- an enzyme in the cells mitochondria, uses H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP